Zulliger R-Optimized in the Evaluation of Depressive Characteristics

Gonçalves, André Pereira; Villemor-Amaral, Anna Elisa de

doi:10.1590/1982-4327e3023

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Psychological Evaluation • Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 30 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3023 copy

Zulliger R-Optimized in the Evaluation of Depressive Characteristics

Zulliger R-Otimizado na Avaliação de Características Depressivas

Zulliger R-Optimizada en la Evaluación de las Características Depresivas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in the world with more than 300 million diagnoses. Studies on the contributions that instruments offer in understanding the functioning of depressive patients are necessary. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the frequency of codes related to depression in Zulliger R-optimized application in a group of depressive individuals with non-clinical group. The study included 86 participants, 43 depressive patients and 43 non-clinical patients. The Escala Baptista de Depressão (EBADEP-A) was used to identify depressive symptoms in the clinical group and Zulliger was administered with R-optimized application. To compare the groups, the t-test and magnitude of differences (d) were used. The results showed differences between groups in the variables Mixed Determinants, Sum of achromatic color responses, pure color responses (C), Mor and AG. We understood that Zulliger R-optimized application may be useful in understanding the functioning of the depressive subject.

Keywords:
depression; projective techniques; Zulliger Z test

Codes Related to Depression	Interpretation of Codes
FD+V	Ability to perceive reality from different angles
Mixed Determinants	Flexibility of thought and the ability to perceive multiple facets of the same situation
Sum of C’ (FC’+C’F+C’)	It may indicate attraction by lurid, negative, distressing stimuli, especially when it implies explanations or descriptions of black or gray aspects. This score does not demonstrate precision in the relationship with self-report or diagnosis of depression.
Sum of V (FV+VF+V)	Related to processes of introspection and self-analysis, which may contain self-criticism and negative self-assessment
Sum of Y (FY+YF+Y)	Anxious states related to stressful events and indicate affective tensions that alter normal functioning, which can limit their ability to cope with conflicting and problematic situations
Sum of T (FT+TF+T)	Affective needs related to the search for contact with other people
Sum of r (rF+. Fr)	Related to a poor process of personal maturity, besides being an element that hinders the balance of decision-making
C	Affective discharges, emotion release with little or no cognitive modulation
(2)	Coupled with a more concrete and descriptive approach to stains
AB	A greater tendency to intellectualization and to deny the effects of emotions on oneself
COP	Cooperation responses involve the ability or tendency to make and establish positive bonds, and their frequency is scarce in depressive patients
MOR	Generally, when this code appears in a protocol, it can be assumed that the perception of the person’s self-image is devalued and with negative, damaged and dysphoric affections. The presence of high MOR tends to refer to people with negative and pessimistic thinking, regarding the future and events in general
AG	Violent behavior as well as a perception of oneself and others as something destructive
Intellectualization	Strategy of coping with emotions, which indicates people that tend to face the effects caused by emotions, using cognitive processing
Egotism	Degree of self-concern of a person and how much he is focused on his/her own issues
Sum of Shaded	Difficulty in coping strategies, experience of anxiety-related distress, irritation, sadness, dysphoria
Afr	Ability of the person to process more actively when exposed to affectively intense situations
Isolation	People less involved in social interactions, with greater retraction in contact with others
S	Related to the search for independence and/or self-affirmation, which accentuates the most individual components of the person

Variables	Diagnosis	M	DP	t	p	d
FD+V	Non-patient	0.53	0.65	1.186	0.239	0.25
FD+V	Depressed	0.35	0.79	1.186	0.239	0.25
Mixed Determinants	Non-patient	2.14	1.05	2.94	0.004**	0.64
Mixed Determinants	Depressed	1.21	1.78	2.94	0.004**	0.64
S	Non-patient	2.14	1.61	1.150	0.254	0.25
S	Depressed	1.79	1.16	1.150	0.254	0.25
Sum of C’	Non-patient	1.00	1.13	2.04	0.047*	0.43
Sum of C’	Depressed	1.58	1.51	2.04	0.047*	0.43
Sum of V	Non-patient	0.16	0.37	1.700	0.094	0.38
Sum of V	Depressed	0.35	0.61	1.700	0.094	0.38
Sum of Y	Non-patient	0.74	0.79	0.436	0.664	0.10
Sum of Y	Depressed	0.84	1.15	0.436	0.664	0.10
Sum of T	Non-patient	0.09	0.294	0.00	1	0
Sum of T	Depressed	0.09	0.366	0.00	1	0
Sum of r	Non-patient	0.07	0.338	0.382	0.704	0.07
Sum of r	Depressed	0.05	0.231	0.382	0.704	0.07
C	Non-patient	0.02	0.152	2.246	0.027*	0.51
C	Depressed	0.19	0.450	2.246	0.027*	0.51
(2)	Non-patient	2.51	1.96	0.676	0.501	0.14
(2)	Depressed	2.26	1.51	0.676	0.501	0.14
AB	Non-patient	0.05	0.213	0.933	0.359	0.20
AB	Depressed	0.12	0.448	0.933	0.359	0.20
COP	Non-patient	0.40	0.728	0.511	0.611	0.11
COP	Depressed	0.33	0.522	0.511	0.611	0.11
MOR	Non-patient	0.35	0.573	2.34	0.046*	0.47
MOR	Depressed	0.72	1.05	2.34	0.046*	0.47
AG	Non-patient	0.40	0.728	2.857	0.005**	0.61
AG	Depressed	0.91	0.921	2.857	0.005**	0.61
Afr	Non-patient	0.57	0.193	0.388	0.699	0.10
Afr	Depressed	0.55	0.195	0.388	0.699	0.10
Isolation	Non-patient	0.16	0.143	0.917	0.362	0.13
Isolation	Depressed	0.14	0.141	0.917	0.362	0.13
Egotism	Non-patient	0.23	0.165	0.334	0.739	0.06
Egotism	Depressed	0.24	0.160	0.334	0.739	0.06
Intellectualization	Non-patients	0.46	0.700	0.791	0.431	0.17
Intellectualization	Depressed	0.32	0.918	0.791	0.431	0.17
Sum of Shaded	Non-patient	2.19	1.89	1.168	0.246	0.26
Sum of Shaded	Depressed	2.67	1.87	1.168	0.246	0.26

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Av.Bandeirantes 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo - Brasil, Tel.: (55 16) 3315-3829 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: paideia@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence address: André Pereira Gonçalves. Universidade São Francisco. Rua Waldemar César da Silveira, 105 - Vila Cura D’Ars (SWIFT), Campinas-SP, Brazil. CEP 13.045-510. E-mail: andregoncalvespsi@gmail.com