Crop losses in Brazilian cassava varieties induced by the <i>Cassava common</i> mosaic virus

Venturini, Marcela Tonini; Araújo, Taylane da Silva; Abreu, Emanuel Felipe Medeiros; Andrade, Eduardo Chumbinho de; Santos, Vanderlei da Silva; Silva, Marcos Roberto da; Oliveira, Eder Jorge de

doi:10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0374

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Plant Pathology • Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 73 (6) • Nov-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0374 copy

Crop losses in Brazilian cassava varieties induced by the Cassava common mosaic virus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Despite the widespread distribution of the Cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV) in Brazil, little is known about the losses it causes in yield. The effect of CsCMV on different varieties was evaluated by reference to several agronomic traits. Four field trials were established in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 using six varieties of cassava. Following mechanical inoculation with CsCMV, the presence of the virus was confirmed using the ELISA assay. The evaluated traits were plant height (PH), dry matter content (DMC), harvest index (HI), aerial part yield (APY), root yield (RoY), and starch yield (StY) in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Overall, the presence of the virus contributed little to the reduction in PH, HI, and DMC across the varieties, with PH being significantly reduced by 9.2 and 7.0 % in the BGM0212 and BRS Kiriris varieties, respectively. In contrast, APY, RoY, and StY were reduced by 30.2, 29.3, and 30.0 %, in the virus-infected plants respectively. While the BRS Kiriris and BRS Jari varieties suffered the highest reductions overall and were considered highly susceptible to CsCMV, none of the traits suffered reductions in the inoculated BRS Formosa plants. Although RoY and StY were reduced in inoculated plants of BRS Tapioqueira, crop yield for this variety was the highest. Thus, BRS Formosa and BRS Tapioqueira exhibited tolerance against CsCMV, which warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
Manihot esculenta Crantz; viruses; root yield; disease

Sources of variation	DF¹ 1 DF: degree of freedom, ns and	Mean square
Sources of variation	DF¹ 1 DF: degree of freedom, ns and	PH	APY	RoY	HI	DMC	StY
Varieties (V)	5	1.2^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	985.4^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	1609.4^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	0.1^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	137.9^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	195.1^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.
Treatment (T)	1	0.5^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	577.0^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	1512.3^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	0.03^ns	1.7^ns	119.2^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.
V*T	5	0.02^ns	23.3^ns	57.4^ns	0.01^ns	1.1^ns	3.7^ns
Environment (E)	3	4.3^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	1947.0^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	783.4^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	0.2^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	59.1^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	51.2^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.
Block (E)	8	0.2^ not significant and significant at 1 % of probability for the F test, respectively.	51.6^ns	39.3^ns	0.004^ns	3.1^ns	3.3^ns
Error	121	0.1	25.2	49.3	0.002	1.8	4.1

Varieties	Traits
Varieties	PH	APY	RoY	HI	DMC	StY
BGM0212	-9.2^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-22.0^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-19.9^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	1.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.5^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-21.4^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Jari	-5.3^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-24.4^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-29.1^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.6^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-2.5^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-30.0^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Formosa	-4.2^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-5.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-9.9^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	0.00^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.3^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-11.0^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Kiriris	-7.0^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-30.2^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-29.3^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	1.5^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	1.4^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-28.7^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Poti Branca	-2.1^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-17.2^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-12.0^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	3.6^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-0.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-12.9^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Tapioqueira	-5.8^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-13.5^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-15.2^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	0.3^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-14.9^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.

Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" USP/ESALQ - Scientia Agricola, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba SP Brazil, Phone: +55 19 3429-4401 / 3429-4486 - Piracicaba - SP - Brazil
E-mail: scientia@usp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author <eder.oliveira@embrapa.br>

Varieties	Traits
Varieties	PH	APY	RoY	HI	DMC	StY
BGM0212	-9.2^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-22.0^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-19.9^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	1.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.5^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-21.4^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Jari	-5.3^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-24.4^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-29.1^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.6^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-2.5^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-30.0^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Formosa	-4.2^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-5.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-9.9^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	0.00^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.3^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-11.0^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Kiriris	-7.0^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-30.2^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-29.3^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	1.5^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	1.4^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-28.7^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Poti Branca	-2.1^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-17.2^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-12.0^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	3.6^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-0.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-12.9^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.
BRS Tapioqueira	-5.8^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-13.5^* ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-15.2^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-1.7^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	0.3^ns ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.	-14.9^** ns, , * non-significant and significant at 5 % and 1 %, respectively by LSD test.