HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS OF MEN FROM THE SOUTHERN BRAZIL

a cross-sectional study of the household survey type, developed using structured instruments, with 421 adult men selected from a systematic random sampling. Univariate analysis and multiple analysis were performed through Logistic Regression.

Results:

being aged between 40 and 50 years old and belonging to the B and C economic classes were associated with alcohol consumption (30.4%); having income from 2.1 to 4.0 minimum wages, higher education and religion were associated to smoking (19.5%); working, being employed and having secondary/higher education were associated to insufficient physical activity (86.2%); not working, income higher than six minimum wages and not having a health insurance were associated to an inadequate diet (39.2%); absence of a partner, religion and being employed were associated to an inadequate vaccination status(24.9%); being aged between 50 and 59 years old, being retired/on a medical leave and having a health insurance were associated to not performing examinations (42.3%); having income higher than six minimum wages and belonging to the C economic class were associated to no leisure time (36.3%).

Conclusion:

health risk behaviors are associated with different factors to be considered in the care of men.

DESCRIPTORS:
Health Profile; Men’s health; Adult; Socioeconomic Factors; Risk Factors

Sociodemographic characteristics	Alcohol abuse			Smoking
Sociodemographic characteristics	n	%	p	n	%	p
Age Group
20 to 29	39	42.9	0.013	16	17.6	0.959
30 to 39	31	32.6		19	20.0
40 to 49	31	26.3		23	19.5
50 to 59	27	23.1		24	20.5
Ethnicity
White/Caucasian	79	32.4	0.301	45	18.4	0.529
Not white	49	27.7	0.301	37	20.9	0.529
Marital status
No partner	48	35.6	0.114	33	24.4	0.077
Has a partner	80	28.0	0.114	49	17.1	0.077
Children
Yes	87	29.0	0.324	64	21.3	0.130
No	41	33.9	0.324	18	14.9	0.130
Religion
Yes	112	29.6	0.306	67	17.7	0.007
No	16	37.2	0.306	15	34.9	0.007
Schooling
Up to 4th grade	12	24.0	0.060	15	30.0	0.005
Elementary	27	27.0		22	22.0
High School	41	26.5		34	21.9
Higher	45	39.8		10	8.8
Working
Yes	102	30.2	0.839	63	18.6	0.381
No	26	31.3	0.839	19	22.9	0.381
Family Income
Up to 2	18	25.4	0.016	25	35.2	0.001
2.1 to 4	35	24.5		18	12.6
4.1 to 6	28	29.5		21	22.1
More than 6	46	42.0		18	16.1
Occupational Status
Employer/Self-Employed	54	31.4	0.554	33	19.2	0.520
Employed	48	30.6		27	17.2
Retired/on medical leave	10	21.3		12	25.5
Unemployed	6	30.0		6	30.0
Student/Trainee	10	40.0		4	16.0
Health Insurance
Yes	73	36.7	0.006	30	15.1	0.029
No	54	24.4	0.006	52	23.5	0.029
Economic Class
Class A	18	58.1	<0.001	6	19.4	0.003
Class B	77	34.5		37	16.6
Class C	29	18.5		33	21.0
Class D	4	44.4		6	66.7

Sociodemographic characteristics	Insufficient Physical Activity			Inadequate Diet			No leisure time
Sociodemographic characteristics	n	%	p	n	%	p	n	%	p
Age Group
20 to 29	74	81.3	0.243	37	40.7	0.751	25	27.5
30 to 39	87	91.6		41	43.2		36	37.9
40 to 49	101	85.6		43	36.4		44	37.3
50 to 59	101	86.3		44	37.6		48	41.0
Ethnicity
White/Caucasian	209	85.7	0.692	90	36.9	0.255	77	31.6	0.017
Not white	154	87.0	0.692	75	42.4	0.255	76	42.9	0.017
Marital status
No partner	118	87.4	0.628	103	36.0	0.052	47	34.8	0.654
Has a partner	245	85.7	0.628	62	45.9	0.052	106	37.1	0.654
Children
Yes	260	86.7	0.678	50	41.3	0.570	116	38.7	0.118
No	103	85.1	0.678	115	38.3	0.570	37	30.6	0.118
Religion
Yes	323	85.4	0.173	146	38.6	0.479	133	35.2	0.143
No	40	93.0	0.173	19	44.2	0.479	20	46.5	0.143
Schooling
Up to 4th grade	49	98.0	0.003	26	52.0	0.056	24	48.0	<0.001
Elementary	90	90.0		44	44.0		50	50.0
High School	134	86.5		56	36.1		55	35.5
Higher	88	77.9		36	31.9		24	21.2
Working
Yes	303	89.6	<0.001	25	30.1	0.059	125	37.0	0.582
No	60	72.3	<0.001	140	41.4	0.059	28	33.7	0.582
Family Income
Up to 2	64	90.1	0.003	33	46.5	<0.001	34	47.9	<0.001
2.1 to 4	122	85.3		70	49.0		65	45.5
4.1 to 6	90	94.7		36	37.9		35	36.8
More than 6	87	77.7		26	23.2		19	17.0
Occupational Status
Employer/Self-Employed	160	93.0	0.003	67	39.0	0.693	64	37.2	0.335
Employed	133	84.7		67	42.7		57	36.3
Retired/on medical leave	36	76.6		17	36.2		19	40.4
Unemployed	14	70.0		6	30.0		8	40.0
Student/Trainee	20	80.0		8	32.0		5	20.0
Health Insurance
Yes	200	81.4	0.007	61	30.7	<0.001	57	28.6	0.002
No	162	90.5	0.007	104	47.1	<0.001	96	43.4	0.002
Economic Class
Class A	26	83.9	0.009	7	22.6	0.028	2	6.5	<0.001
Class B	182	81.6		80	35.9		66	29.6
Class C	147	93.6		73	46.5		80	51.0
Class D	8	88.9		5	55.6		4	44.4

Sociodemographic characteristics	Inadequate Vaccination Status			Non-performance of exams			Self-medication
Sociodemographic characteristics	n	%	p	n	%	p	n	%	p
Age Group
20 to 29	23	25.3	0.588	50	54.9	<0.001	41	45.1	0.969
30 to 39	19	20.0		57	60.0		43	45.3
40 to 49	30	25.4		45	38.1		54	45.8
50 to 59	33	28.2		26	22.2		50	42.7
Ethnicity
White/Caucasian	57	23.4	0.379	98	40.2	0.302	112	45.9	0.546
Not white	48	27.1	0.379	80	45.2	0.302	76	42.9	0.546
Marital status
No partner	45	33.3	0.006	72	53.3	0.002	61	45.2	0.881
Has a partner	60	21.0	0.006	106	37.1	0.002	127	44.4
Children
Yes	75	25.0	0.965	62	38.7	0.018	135	45.0	0.823
No	225	24.8	0.965		51.2	0.018	53	43.8	0.823
Religion
Yes	88	23.3	0.020	159	42.1	0.789	170	45.0	0.697
No	17	39.5	0.020	19	44.2	0.789	18	41.9	0.697
Schooling
Up to 4th grade	16	32.0	0.274	22	44.0	0.910	24	48.0	0.138
Elementary	28	28.0		45	45.0		35	35.0
High School	31	20.0		64	41.3		69	44.5
Higher	29	25.7		46	40.7		57	50.4
Working
Yes	78	23.1	0.075	150	44.4	0.079	154	45.6	0.450
No	27	32.5	0.075	28	33.7	0.079	34	41.0	0.450
Family Income
Up to 2	16	22.5	0.042	31	43.7	0.041	31	43.7	0.354
2.1 to 4	47	32.9		65	45.5		60	42.0
4.1 to 6	22	23.2		47	49.5		39	41.1
More than 6	20	17.9		35	31.2		58	51.8
Occupational Status
Employer/Self-Employed	47	27.3	0.171	83	48.3	0.001	78	45.3	0.779
Employed	30	19.1		65	41.4		70	44.6
Retired/on medical leave	14	29.8		6	12.8		20	42.6
Unemployed	8	40.0		9	45.0		7	35.0
Student/Trainee	6	24.0		15	60.0		13	52.0
Health Insurance
Yes	47	23.6	0.606	69	34.7	0.002	94	47.2	0.333
No	57	25.8	0.606	109	49.3	0.002	94	42.5	0.333
Economic Class
Class A	3	9.7	0.116	8	25.8	0.149	19	61.3	0.242
Class B	57	25.6		92	41.3		99	44.4
Class C	40	25.5		73	46.5		67	42.7
Class D	5	55.6		5	55.6		3	33.3

Independent variables		Health risk behaviors
Independent variables		OR (IC 95%)	p
Alcohol Abusea
Age Group	40 to 49 years old	0.5 (0.3-0.9)	0.017
Age Group	50 to 59 years old	0.4 (0.2-0.8)	0.007
Economic Class	Class B	0.4 (0.2-0.8)	0.011
Economic Class	Class C	0.2 (0.1-0.4)	<0.001
Smokingb
Family Income	2.1 to 4.0	0.2 (0.1-0.5)	<0.001
Schooling	Higher	0.2 (0.1-0.6)	0.005
Religion	Yes	0.4 (0.2-0.7)	0.006
Insufficient Physical Activityc
Working	Yes	6.9 (1.4-34.8)	0.020
Occupational Status	Employed	0.4 (0.2-0.9)	0.040
Schooling	High School	0.2 (0.1-0.7)	0.026
Schooling	Higher	0.2 (0.1-0.4)	0.007
Inadequate Dietd
Working	No	1.7 (1.0-2.9)	0.047
Family Income	More than 6	0.4 (0.2-0.8)	0.014
Health Insurance	No	1.6 (1.0-2.5)	0.035
Inadequate Vaccination Statuse
Marital status	No partner	1.9 (1.2-3.2)	0.010
Religion	No	2.0 (1.0-3.9)	0.043
Occupational Status	Employed	0.6 (0.3-0.9)	0.040
Non-performance of routine examsf
Age Group	50 to 59 years old	0.3 (0.2-0.6)	0.002
Occupational Status	Retired/On medical leave	0.2 (0.1-0.6)	0.003
Health Insurance	Yes	0.5 (0.3-0.7)	0.001
No leisure timeg
Family Income	More than 6	0.4 (0.2-0.8)	0.020
Economic Class	Class C	7.8 (1.7-36.5)	0.008

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] Correspondence: Guilherme Oliveira de Arruda, Rua Dr. Saulo Porto Virmond, n. 768, ap. 104, 87005-090 - Chácara Paulista, Maringá, PR, Brazil. E-mail: enfgoa@gmail.com