GROUNDED THEORY: USE IN SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN BRAZILIAN NURSING JOURNALS WITH QUALIS A CLASSIFICATION

Peiter, Caroline Cechinel; Santos, José Luís Guedes dos; Kahl, Carolina; Copelli, Fernanda Hannah da Silva; Cunha, Kamylla Santos da; Lacerda, Maria Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2018-0177

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Texto contexto - enferm. 29 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2018-0177 copy

GROUNDED THEORY: USE IN SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN BRAZILIAN NURSING JOURNALS WITH QUALIS A CLASSIFICATION

TEORÍA FUNDAMENTADA EN LOS DATOS: USO EN ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS DE ENFERMERÍA BRASILEÑAS CON QUALIS A

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to analyze the use of Grounded Theory as a methodological framework in scientific articles published in Brazilian Nursing journals with Qualis Capes A1 and A2.

Method:

descriptive, documentary study with a quantitative approach. Five Brazilian nursing journals with Qualis A1 and A2 in the 2016 assessment were used as sources. Data were collected on the website of each journal through the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), by consulting the numbers published in the 2013-2016 quadrennium. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

49 articles were selected, most of them published by the Texto & Contexto Enfermagem journal (34.6%). Regarding the methodological aspect, the use of the Straussian perspective predominated (79,6). Regarding the methodological characteristics, most articles used theoretical sampling (63.3%), theoretical saturation (53.1%), comparative analysis (69.4%), and presented the development of a theoretical model or central category in the results (75.6%). However, only seven (14.3%) studies specified the use of memos, 22 (44.9%) mentioned the use of diagrams and 16 (32.7%) described the theory validation step.

Conclusion:

the need for consensus among Brazilian nursing researchers on the methodological characteristics to be described in studies using the Grounded Theory is highlighted.

DESCRIPTORS:
Research; Qualitative research; Nursing research; Grounded theory; Methods of analysis

Characteristics	Description
Methodological strands	The three main strands of Grounded Theory are classical (Glaser), Straussian (Strauss and Corbin), and constructivist (Charmaz).22. Santos JLG, Erdmann AL, Sousa FGM, Lanzoni GMM, Melo ALSF, Leite JL. Methodological perspectives in the use of grounded theory in nursing and health research. Esc Anna Nery [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Mar 10];20(3): e20160056. Available from: Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1414-81452016000300201&lng=en . http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=s... ^-44. Kenny M, Fourie R. Contrasting Classic, Straussian, and Constructivist Grounded Theory: Methodological and Philosophical Conflicts. Philosophical Conflicts. TQR [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2017 Mar 10];20(8):1270-89. Available from: Available from: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol20/iss8/9 http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol20/iss8/... Some authors also consider the existence of two other approaches: dimensional analysis (Schatzman), and analysis. (Clarke).11. Camalhão MI, Camalhão S. Grounded Theory: adaptações ao contexto da deficiência e educação. Indagatio Didactica [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Mar 10];6(3):140-55. Available from: Available from: http://revistas.ua.pt/index.php/ID/article/view/3002/2787 http://revistas.ua.pt/index.php/ID/artic... ^,1717. Apramian T, Cristancho S, Watling C, Lingard L. (Re)Grounding grounded theory: a close reading of theory in four schools. Qual. Res. [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Apr 23];17(4):359-76. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794116672914 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794116672914...
References used	References cited by the authors to methodologically support the research.
Theoretical framework	Set of concepts and theories adopted as theoretical support of the study.
Data Collection Techniques	Strategies cited by the authors of the articles to obtain data for research development.
Theoretical sampling	Selection of participants for the purpose of exploring emerging categories of data, developing, explaining, and testing theory as data analysis is performed.1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.
Sample group	Strategy used to obtain theoretical sampling. It consists of the initial definition of subjects with experience in relation to the phenomenon investigated to participate in the research. After data collection and analysis with these participants, a hypothesis is elaborated to define a new sample group.1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.
Constant comparative analysis	Systematic, simultaneous, circular and continuous collection, coding and analysis of data throughout the research process.1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.^-1919. Charmaz KA. Construção da Teoria Fundamentada: guia prático para análise quantitativa. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2009.
Theoretical saturation	The moment in which data collection can be interrupted, because the categories are saturated and the addition of information does not change the understanding of the phenomenon under investigation.1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.^-1919. Charmaz KA. Construção da Teoria Fundamentada: guia prático para análise quantitativa. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2009.
Coding system	Process adopted to divide data into fragments, which may occur line by line or incident by incident, aiming to identify codes, concepts and categories. According to the methodological perspective, the most common coding systems are: (1) classical perspective: open, selective and theoretical coding,2020. Glaser BG. The grounded theory perspective: conceptualization contrasted with description. Mill Valley(US): Sociology Press; 2011. (2) straussian perspective: open, axial and selective coding/integration1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.^,2121. Corbin J, Strauss A. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA(US): SAGE; 2015. and (3) constructivist perspective: initial and focused coding.1919. Charmaz KA. Construção da Teoria Fundamentada: guia prático para análise quantitativa. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2009.
Software Usage	Technological tools to support the recording, visualization, organization and systematization of qualitative data.2222. Souza DN, Souza FN. Aplicação de software na investigação qualitativa. Rev. Gaúcha Enferm [Internet]. 2016 [citado 2017 Aug 29];37(3):e67901. Available from: Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2016.03.67901 https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.201...
Memos	Theoretical, methodological, reflexive or observational notes that help in understanding the phenomenon under study.1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.
Diagrams	Unwritten visual memos that help represent the relationships between concepts and categories, assisting in theory development.
Results presentation	Identification if the article presented the theory or theoretical model in its entirety or categories referring to the research phenomenon.
Validation	Consistency assessment between raw data, elaborated concepts and abstract construction presented in theory. It also makes it possible to identify if any important element was not covered in the theoretical model.1818. Strauss A, Corbin J. Pesquisa qualitativa: técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada. 2th ed. Porto Alegre, RS(BR): Artmed; 2008.^,2323. Souza SS, Silva DMGV. Validation of a theoretical model: knowing the interactive processes within the support network for people with tuberculosis. Acta paul. enferm. [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2018 Apr 28];24(6):778-83. Available from: Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002011000600008 https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100201...

Characteristics	N	%
Journal
Texto & Contexto Enfermagem	17	34.6
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem	14	28.6
Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem	12	24.5
Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP	4	8.2
Acta Paulista de Enfermagem	2	4.1
Year
2015	16	32.7
2014	12	24.5
2013	11	22.4
2016	10	20.4
Institution of origin of the authors
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina	51	29.7
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro	23	13.4
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande	14	8.1
Universidade Estadual Paulista	10	5.8
Universidade de São Paulo	10	5.8
Other	64	37.2

Characteristic	n	%
Methodological strand
Straussian	39	79.6
Not specified	5	10.2
Classic	3	6.1
Constructivist	2	4.1
Methodological References
Strauss and Corbin	31	63.4
Scientific articles on Grounded Theory by Various Authors	8	16.3
Glaser and Strauss and Corbin	3	6.1
Glaser	2	4.1
Strauss and Corbin and scientific article	2	4.1
Charmaz and Glaser	1	2
Charmaz and scientific article	1	2
Heidegger	1	2
Theoretical framework
Not specified	23	47
Symbolic Interactionism	15	30.6
Complexity Theory	10	20.4
The Archaeology method of Michel Foucault	1	2

Characteristic	n	%
Data collection
Interviews	44	89.8
Interviews and observations	3	6.2
Document Analysis	1	2
Interview and photo elicitation	1	2
Theoretical sampling
Yes	31	63.3
Not specified	18	36.7
Sample group
Yes	34	69.4
Not specified	15	30.6
Theoretical saturation
Yes	26	53.1
Not specified	23	46.9
Comparative analysis
Yes	34	69.4
Not specified	15	30.6
Coding system
Open, axial and selective	33	67.4
Not specified	5	10.3
Open and axial	2	4.1
Open and categorization	2	4.1
Substantive and theoretical	2	4.1
Open and focused	1	2
Open or substantive, provisional categorization, theoretical or categorization and selective	1	2
Preliminary, conceptual codes and categories	1	2
Data coding, category formulation, reduction, integration and identification of central category	1	2
Microanalysis, open, axial and selective	1	2
Software Usage
Not specified	38	77.5
NVivo^®	7	14.3
Atlas ti^®	3	6.1
OpenLogos^®	1	2
Memos
Not specified	42	85.7
Yes	7	14.3
Diagrams
Not specified	27	55.1
Yes	22	44.9
Results
Full Theoretical model	21	42.9
Categories, mentioning the central phenomenon or category	16	32.7
Categories only	11	22.4
Description of findings, without categories	1	2
Validation
Not specified	33	67.3
Yes	16	32.7

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] CORRESPONDENCE AUTHOR
José Luís Guedes dos Santos joseenfermagem@gmail.com