The causes of bullying: results from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE)

Oliveira, Wanderlei Abadio de; Silva, Marta Angélica Iossi; Mello, Flávia Carvalho Malta de; Porto, Denise Lopes; Yoshinaga, Andréa Cristina Mariano; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

doi:10.1590/0104-1169.0022.2552

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Articles • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 23 (2) • Feb-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0022.2552 copy

The causes of bullying: results from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

to identify the characteristics and reasons reported by Brazilian students for school bullying.

Method:

this cross-sectional study uses data from an epidemiological survey (National Survey of School Health) conducted in 2012. A total of 109,104 9th grade students from private and public schools participated. Data were collected through a self-applied questionnaire and the analysis was performed using SPSS, version 20, Complex Samples Module.

Results:

the prevalence of bullying was 7.2%, most frequently affecting Afro-descendant or indigenous younger boys, whose mothers were characterized by low levels of education. In regard to the reasons/causes of bullying, 51.2% did not specify; the second highest frequency of victimization was related to body appearance (18.6%); followed by facial appearance (16.2%); race/color (6.8%); sexual orientation 2.9%; religion 2.5%; and region of origin 1.7%. The results are similar to those found in other sociocultural contexts.

Conclusion:

the problem belongs to the health field because it gathers aspects that determine the students' health-disease-care continuum.

School Health; Adolescent Health; Causality; Violence; Bullying

		Experiencing Bullying
		%	Lower limit	Upper Limit
Total		7.2	6.6	7.8
Age (years)
	<13 years old	8.8	6.6	11.8
	13 years old	7.9	7.6	8.3
	14 years old	7.1	6.5	7.9
	15 years old	6.7	5.6	7.9
	16 years old or older	6.5	6.1	7
Sex
	Male	7.9	7	9.1
	Female	6.5	6.2	6.7
Race
	Caucasian	7.3	6.3	8.4
	Mixed	6.6	6.1	7.1
	Afro-descendant	8.1	7.2	9.1
	Asian	8.3	6.9	9.9
	Indigenous	7.9	7.3	8.5
School
	Public	7.1	6.2	8
	Private	7.6	6.9	8.3
Mother’s education
	None	8.3	7.2	9.4
	Incomplete middle school	6.5	5.6	7.5
	Complete middle school	6.9	5.3	9.1
	Incomplete high school	7.2	6.1	8.6
	Complete high school	7.2	6.5	8.1
	Some undergraduate studies	7.3	6.3	8.4
	Bachelor’s degree	7.1	6.5	7.7

Causes for having experienced bullying	Almost Always			Always in the last 30 days			Experiencing Bullying
	%	CI* 95%		%	CI* 95%		%	CI* 95%
		LL^†	UL^‡		LL^†	UL^‡		LL^†	UL^‡
My race or color	4.9	4.3	5.5	8.6	7.9	9.3	6.8	6.4	7.3
My religion	2.7	1.8	3.9	2.3	1.9	2.7	2.5	1.9	3.2
The appearance of my face	16.9	14.7	19.3	15.7	14.2	17.2	16.2	15.4	17.1
The appearance of my body	18.9	13.7	25.6	18.4	16.9	19.9	18.6	16.5	21
My sexual orientation	2.5	1.6	4	3.3	2.5	4.4	2.9	2.5	3.5
My region of origin	1.9	1.5	2.5	1.6	1.3	1.8	1.7	1.5	2
Other causes/reasons	52.2	47.8	56.5	50.2	48.9	51.6	51.2	48.6	53.7

Body image	%	95% Confidence Interval
		Lower Limit	Upper Limit
Too thin	12.1	10.4	14.0
Thin	7.3	5.8	9.2
Normal	6.0	5.5	6.5
Fat	9.6	9.2	10.0
Too fat	19.2	15.1	24.0
Total	7.2	6.6	7.8

		My race/color			My religion			The appearance of my face			The appearance of my body			My sexual orientation			My region of origin			Other causes/reasons
		%	LL*	UP^†	%	LL*	UP^†	%	LL*	UP^†	%	LL*	UP^†	%	LL*	UP^†	%	LL*	UP^†	%	LL*	UP^†
Total		6.8	6.4	7.3	2.5	1.9	3.2	16.2	15.4	17.1	18.6	16.5	21.0	2.9	2.5	3.5	1.7	1.5	2.0	51.2	48.6	53.7
Age
	< 13 years old	4.7	1.1	17.8				18.7	7.1	40.7	21.0	13.1	31.8	15.0	7.2	28.6	0.7	0.1	3.4	40.0	32.1	48.5
	13 years old	4.7	3.3	6.7	2.0	1.3	3.1	17.4	14.6	20.5	20.6	18.5	22.9	3.3	2.2	4.8	1.6	0.8	3.2	50.5	48.1	52.9
	14 years old	6.6	5.5	7.9	2.4	2.0	2.9	15.8	14.6	17.1	19.4	16.5	22.8	2.3	1.7	3.0	1.1	0.5	2.3	52.3	50.1	54.5
	15 years old	9.5	6.2	14.3	1.9	1.4	2.6	15.9	14.0	18.0	15.6	11.8	20.3	3.2	1.9	5.3	1.9	0.5	7.0	52.0	45.0	58.9
	16 years old or older	8.3	6.5	10.6	4.6	2.9	7.3	15.6	12.4	19.5	15.8	13.0	19.0	3.6	2.1	5.9	4.3	2.5	7.4	47.7	39.7	55.9
Sex
	Male	8.9	8.1	9.9	2.1	1.6	2.9	18.2	16.1	20.6	17.0	15.7	18.4	3.9	3.5	4.5	1.9	1.7	2.2	47.9	44.2	51.6
	Female	4.5	3.8	5.2	2.8	2.1	3.8	14.0	11.6	16.8	20.5	17.4	24.0	1.8	1.2	2.7	1.5	1.2	2.0	54.8	52.6	57.1
Race
	Caucasian	3.1	2.5	3.9	1.7	0.9	3.3	16.2	14.9	17.7	21.1	20.1	22.1	3.0	2.6	3.6	1.7	1.3	2.3	53.1	50.1	56.2
	Afro-descendant	23.2	21.8	24.7	2.3	1.4	3.8	16.0	12.5	20.4	14.7	12.5	17.1	2.0	1.1	3.3	1.1	0.4	3.1	40.7	34.4	47.4
	Asian-descendent	4.7	1.4	14.4	1.6	0.4	6.6	18.4	10.8	29.5	14.5	11.6	18.1	3.0	1.4	6.3	2.9	0.8	9.2	54.9	50.2	59.5
	Mixed	3.8	2.9	4.8	3.4	2.3	4.8	15.9	12.3	20.2	18.9	13.8	25.3	2.9	2.2	3.8	1.9	1.4	2.5	53.3	51.2	55.4
	Indigenous	12.5	7.5	20.3	1.8	0.7	4.5	18.1	14.9	21.8	13.3	10.7	16.5	6.2	1.6	20.7	1.6	1.0	2.8	46.4	41.0	51.8
Type of school
	Private	5.1	3.8	6.7	1.2	0.7	2.2	16.5	11.5	23.1	20.7	19.0	22.6	2.5	1.3	4.7	1.8	1.0	3.5	52.1	42.8	61.4
	Public	7.2	6.6	8.0	2.7	2.1	3.6	16.2	14.5	18.0	18.2	15.9	20.6	3.0	2.5	3.6	1.7	1.3	2.3	50.9	49.4	52.4

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author: Marta Angélica Iossi Silva Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto Departamento Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Bairro: Monte Alegre CEP: 14040-902, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil E-mail: maiossi@eerp.usp.br