Perceptions of deaf subjects about communication in Primary Health Care

cross-sectional observational study. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative questions to 121 deaf adults. Objective responses were studied descriptively through frequency tables and analyzed by inferential statistics and logistic regression. The data from the open questions were analyzed through content analysis.

Results:

the lack of interpreters and the lack of use of the Brazilian Sign Language by professionals were perceived as the main communication barriers. In turn, the presence of companions who are listeners (73%) and the use of mime/gestures (68%) were among the strategies most used by the deaf. The majority of deaf people reported insecurity in consultations, and those who best understood their diagnosis and treatment were the bilingual deaf (p = 0.0347) and the deaf who used oral communication (p = 0.0056).

Conclusion:

communication with the professionals was facilitated when the deaf people had a companion or when they used mimics and gestures. Sign language was neglected, despite the fact that the provision of care to the deaf by professionals trained to use this language is guaranteed in the legislation.

Descriptors:
Accessibility; Primary Health Care; Communication Barriers; Communication; Hearing Loss; Deafness

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author:
Alane Santana Santos E-mail: alane.santana.enf@gmail.com

Variables	N*	% ^†
Sex
Male	70	58
Female	51	42
Age
18 - <28	82	68
28 - <38	20	17
38 - <48	16	13
48 - <58	2	2
58 - <68	1	1
Education
Elementary School	39	32
High school	75	62
Higher education	7	6
Way of communication used ^‡
Sign language	110	91
Oral language	28	23
Bilingual	14	12
Residence
Rio de Janeiro	92	76
Other municipalities	29	24

	Variables	*PR (95% CI)** ^§	POR ^† (95% CI) ^§	p ^‡
Sex	Female	0.95 (0.44 -2.05)	0.94 (0.37 - 2.40)	1
Sex	Male	1	1	1
Way of communication used	Bilingual	3.57 (1.77 -7.21)	6.13 (1.88 - 19.99)	0.0035 ^\|\|
	Sign language	0.34 (0.16-0.74)	0.22 (0.06 - 0.80)	0.0403 ^\|\|
	Verbalization	2.30 (1.10-4.80)	2.92 (1.09 - 7.82)	0.0567 ^\|\|
Communication strategies used by the deaf	Oral communication	3.81 (1.84-7.89)	5.79 (2.15 - 15.55)	0.0005 ^\|\|
	Mime and gestures	0.57 (0.27-1.21)	0.50 (0.19 - 1.28)	0.2243
	Written Portuguese	1.71 (0.78-3.74)	1.97 (0.70 - 5.49)	0.309
	LIBRAS ^¶	0.27 (0.07-1.08)	0.22 (0.05 - 1.00)	0.0639
	Lip reading	3.57 (1.77-7.21)	6.13 (1.88 - 19.99)	0.0035 ^\|\|
	LIBRAS ^¶ interpreter	0.40 (0.06-2.71)	0.35 (0.04 - 2.80)	0.5109
	Figures	0	0	0.4353
	Drawings	0	0	0.3073
	Communication using the fingers	0	0	0.3652
	Companion who is a listener	0.66 (0.30-1.42)	0.59 (0.22 -1.58)	0.4272

Variables		POR*	95% CI ^†	p ^‡
Understanding of the diagnosis
Bilingual	8.008	1.161	55.2361	0.0347 ^§
Verbalization	5.6536	1.6603	19.2514	0.0056 ^§
Understanding of the treatment
Bilingual	6.605	0.9561	45.6275	0.0556 ^§
Verbalization	3.28	1.1463	9.3848	0.0268 ^§
Understanding by the professional
Schooling (High School/ Elementary school)	3.3004	1.2926	8.4273	0.0125 ^§

Brasil

Brasil

Perceptions of deaf subjects about communication in Primary Health Care* * Paper extracted from master’s thesis “Comunicação na Atenção Básica à Saúde: percepções do sujeito surdo”, presented to Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Perceptions of deaf subjects about communication in Primary Health Care^* * Paper extracted from master’s thesis “Comunicação na Atenção Básica à Saúde: percepções do sujeito surdo”, presented to Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.