The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986), Canada, World Health Organization (WHO). |
Built on the Alma-Ata Declaration, the charter identifies the “prerequisites for health,” which concern social structure, and organization and distribution of economic and social resources. It focuses on the health needs of industrialized countries, without disregard to other regions of the globe. |
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity. |
Dahlgren and Whitehead (1992DAHLGREN, G.; WHITEHEAD, M. Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. Estocolmo: Institute for Future Studies, 1991.), Sweden (WHO). |
It aims to stimulate debates among policy-makers and practitioners from various sectors. The authors formulated a four-level model of health determinants, represented in a rainbow form. |
It identifies “living and working conditions” as contributors to health: agriculture and food production, education, work environment, unemployment, water and sanitation, health service, and housing. |
International Centre for Health and Society (1996), London and New York. |
It aims to identify the social bases for health, prosperity, and well-being. |
Economic growth, income distribution, consumption, work organization, unemployment, family and social structure, education, and poverty. |
Health Canada (1998), Canada. |
It describes several determinants of health, many of which are social determinants of income, social status, and social support networks. |
Education, employment and working conditions, physical conditions and social environments, genetics and biology, personal health, coping strategies and skills, healthy child development, health services, gender, and culture. |
The University of York Conference organizers (2002), Canada. |
The aims were: (1) to consider the conditions of the major SDH in Canada; (2) to explore their implications for the health of Canadians; and (3) to define policy guidelines for strengthening these SDH. |
Aboriginal, early life, education, employment and working conditions, food security, gender, health services, housing, income and its distribution, security and social exclusion, and employment. |
WHO’s European Office, United Kingdom. |
It aims to raise issues for guiding policy-makers and public opinion. |
Social class gradient (in health), stress, early life, social exclusion, work and unemployment, social support, drug addiction, food, and transportation. |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006), United States. |
It highlights SDH on socioeconomic status. |
Transportation, housing, services access, discrimination (by gender, race, or class) and environmental or social stressors. |