Urea |
Chitosan |
[
25
25 Hussain, M. R., Devi, R. R., & Maji, T. K. (2012). Controlled-release of urea chitosan microspheres prepared by emulsification and cross—linking method. Iranian Polymer Journal, 21(8), 473-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-012-0051-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13726-012-005...
26 Costa, M. M. E., Cabral-Albuquerque, E. C. M., Alves, T. L., Pinto, M. J. C., & Fialho, R. L. (2013). Use of polyhydroxybutyrate and ethyl cellulose for coating of urea granules. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(42), 9984-9991. PMid:24059839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf401185y. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf401185y...
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27
27 Azeem, B., KuShaari, K., Man, Z. B., Basit, A., & Thanh, T. H. (2014). Review on materials & methods to produce controlled-release coated urea fertilizer. Journal of Controlled Release, 181, 11-21. PMid:24593892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014...
]
|
Polyhydroxybutyrate (phb), ethyl cellulose |
Polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyacrylic, polylatic acid |
KH2PO4
|
Chitosan, gellan gum |
[
28
28 Sabadini, R. C., Martins, V. C., & Pawlicka, A. (2015). Synthesis and characterization of gellan gum: chitosan biohydrogels for soil humidity control and fertilizer release. Cellulose, 22(3), 2045-2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0590-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-059...
]
|
NPK |
Chitosan |
[
29
29 Noppakundilograt, S., Pheatcharat, N., & Kiatkamjornwong, S. (2015). Multilayer‐coated NPK compound fertilizer hydrogel with controlled nutrient release and water absorbency. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(2) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.41249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.41249...
30 Lubkowski, K., & Grzmil, B. (2007). Controlled-release fertilizers. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 9(4), 81-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0096-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-009...
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31
31 Senna, A. M., Carmo, J. B., Silva, J. M. S., & Botaro, V. R. (2015). Synthesis, characterization and application of hydrogel derived from cellulose acetate as a substrate for slow-release NPK fertilizer and water retention in soil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3(2), 996-1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.03.008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.03...
]
|
Cellulose, natural gum, rosin, waxes |
Paraffins, ester copolymers, urethane composites, epoxy, alkide resins, polyolefines, |
CaH4P2O8
|
Chitosan |
[
32
32 Ahmad, N. N. R., Fernando, W. J. N., & Uzir, M. H. (2015). Parametric evaluation using mechanistic model for release rate of phosphate ions from chitosan-coated phosphorus fertiliser pellets. Biosystems Engineering, 129, 78-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.09.015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemsen...
]
|
KNO3
|
Chitosan |
[
33
33 Melaj, M. A., & Daraio, M. E. (2014). HPMC layered tablets modified with chitosan and xanthan as matrices for controlled‐release fertilizers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(19), 40839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40839...
34 Santos, B. R., Bacalhau, F. B., Pereira, T. S., Souza, C. F., & Faez, R. (2015). Chitosan-montmorillonite microspheres: a sustainable fertilizer delivery system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 127, 340-346. PMid:25965492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015...
-
35
35 Messa, L. L., Froes, J. D., Souza, C. F., & Faez, R. (2016). Híbridos de quitosana-argila para encapsulamento e liberação sustentada do fertilizante nitrato de potássio. Quimica Nova, 39(10), 1215-1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20160133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.201...
]
|
Chitosan-clay (montmorillonite) |
Xanthan |
Paraquat ([(C6H7N)2]Cl2) |
Alginate, chitosan |
[
36
36 Grillo, R., Clemente, Z., Oliveira, J. L., Campos, E. V. R., Chalupe, V. C., Jonsson, C. M., Lima, R., Sanches, G., Nishisaka, C. S., Rosa, A. H., Oehlke, K., Greiner, R., & Fraceto, L. F. (2015). Chitosan nanoparticles loaded the herbicide paraquat: the influence of the aquatic humic substances on the colloidal stability and toxicity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 286, 562-572. PMid:25636059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014...
]
|
Hexazinone (C12H20N4O2) |
Chitosan – clay |
[
37
37 Celis, R., Adelino, M. A., Hermosín, M. C., & Cornejo, J. (2012). Montmorillonite–chitosan bionanocomposites as adsorbents of the herbicide clopyralid in aqueous solution and soil/water suspensions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 209-210, 67-76. PMid:22284171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011...
]
|
Clopyralid (C6H3Cl2NO2) |
(montmorillonite) |
2, 4-d (C8H6Cl2O3) |
Polysaccharides |
[
6
6 Roy, A., Singh, S. K., Bajpai, J., & Bajpai, A. K. (2014). Controlled pesticide release from biodegradable polymers. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 12(4), 453-469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0405-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-040...
,
11
11 Pereira, E. I., Giroto, A. S., Bortolin, A., Yamamoto, C. F., Marconcini, J. M., de Campos Bernardi, A. C., & Ribeiro, C. (2015). Perspectives in nanocomposites for the slow and controlled-release of agrochemicals: fertilizers and pesticides. In M. Rai, C. Ribeiro, L. Mattoso, & N. Duran (Eds.), Nanotechnologies in food and agriculture (pp. 241-265). Minneapolis: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14024-7_11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-1402...
,
38
38 Liu, F., Wen, L. X., Li, Z. Z., Yu, W., Sun, H. Y., & Chen, J. F. (2006). Porous hollow silica nanoparticles as controlled delivery system for water-soluble pesticide. Materials Research Bulletin, 41(12), 2268-2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2006.04.014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull...
]
|
2-chloro-;4-chloro- |
Cellulose, agarose, dextran, alginates, carrageenans, starch, chitosan, gelatin, |
2,4,5-Trichloro- phenoxyacetates |
Albumin |
Validamycin (C20H35NO13) |
Polystyrene, polyacrylamide, polymethylacrylate, polyamides, polyesters, |
Bifenthrin (C23H22ClF3O2) |
Polyanhydrides, polyurethanes, amino resins, polycyanoacrylates |
Chlorpyriphos (C9H11Cl3NO3PS) |
|
Bifenthrin (C23H22ClF3O2) |
|
Azadirachtin (C35H44O16) |
|