MicroRNAs, cancer and ionizing radiation: Where are we?

Marta, Gustavo Nader; Garicochea, Bernardo; Carvalho, André Lopes; Real, Juliana M.; Kowalski, Luiz Paulo

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.275

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REVIEW ARTICLES • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 61 (3) • May-Jun 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.61.03.275 copy

MicroRNAs, cancer and ionizing radiation: Where are we?

MicroRNAs, câncer e radiação ionizante: em que ponto estamos?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Summary

The aim of this study is to describe the biogenesis of microRNA, its relations with carcinogenesis, and the correlation between microRNA and ionizing radiation (IR), focusing on radioresponsiveness. It is known that microRNA biogenesis is well established and involves different enzymatic cleavages, resulting in the production of mature microRNA. MicroRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis. Their interaction is related to the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Several studies have shown that the levels of expression of some microRNAs vary significantly after irradiation. There are evidences that microRNAs can influence cellular response after IR. In addition, microRNAs are related to modulation of the expression of several post-transcriptional targets in DNA damage response pathways, and to the DNA damage repair regulation mechanism. Future studies can clarify a possible clinical use of microRNAs as a new class of radiosensitive agents.

Keywords:
microRNAs; radiotherapy; neoplasms

Cell type	Increase	Decrease
Central nervous system
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	miR-16; miR-17-3p; miR-17-5p; miR-19a; miR-19b; miR-22;
	miR-21; miR-142-3p; miR-142-5p; miR-143; miR-155; miR-191;
	miR-379; miR-601
Mouse hippocampal cells and brain tissue³⁴34 Karube Y, Tanaka H, Osada H, Tomida S, Tatematsu Y, Yanagisawa K, et al. Reduced expression of Dicer associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Sci. 2005; 96(2):111-5.	miR-21	–
Head and neck
Thyroid³⁵35 Grelier G, Voirin N, Ay AS, Cox DG, Chabaud S, Treilleux I, et al. Prognostic value of Dicer expression in human breast cancers and association with the mesenchymal phenotype. Br J Cancer. 2009; 101(4):673-83. ^, ³⁶36 Lin RJ, Lin YC, Chen J, Kuo HH, Chen YY, Diccianni MB, et al. MicroRNA signature and expression of Dicer and Drosha can predict prognosis and delineate risk groups in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res. 2010; 70(20):7841-50.	let-7c; let-7d; let-7g; miR-17-3p; miR-17-5p; miR-27b;	let-7f; let-7g; miR-10a; miR-106a; miR-152
	miR-34a; miR-34b; miR-188-5p; miR-365
Thorax
Lung cancer and normal epithelial cell line³⁷37 Guo X, Liao Q, Chen P, Li X, Xiong W, Ma J, et al. The microRNA-processing enzymes: Drosha and Dicer can predict prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012; 138(1):49-56. ^, ³⁸38 Martello G, Rosato A, Ferrari F, Manfrin A, Cordenonsi M, Dupont S, et al. A MicroRNA targeting dicer for metastasis control. Cell. 2010; 141(7):1195-207. ^, ³⁹39 Piovan C, Palmieri D, Di Leva G, Braccioli L, Casalini P, Nuovo G, et al. Oncosuppressive role of p53-induced miR-205 in triple negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol. 2012; 6(4):458-72.	miR-15a; miR-16; miR-17-5p; miR-19a; miR-19b; miR-20b;	let-7a; let-7b; let-7c; let-7d; let-7e; let-7f;
	miR-22; miR-24; miR-27a; miR-27b; miR-30a-5p; miR-99a;	let-7i; miR-26b; miR-125a; miR-155;
	miR-106a; miR-148a; miR-221; miR-365; miR-126; let-7a;	miR 130a, miR-106b, miR-19b, miR-22,
	miR-495; miR-451; miR-128b	iR-15b, miR-17-5p; miR-21
Genitourinary
Prostate⁴⁰40 Mott JL, Kurita S, Cazanave SC, Bronk SF, Werneburg NW, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Transcriptional suppression of mir-29b-1/mir-29a promoter by c-Myc, hedgehog, and NF-kappaB. J Cell Biochem. 2010; 110(5):1155-64. ^, ⁴¹41 Burk U, Schubert J, Wellner U, Schmalhofer O, Vincan E, Spaderna S, et al. A reciprocal repression between ZEB1 and members of the miR-200 family promotes EMT and invasion in cancer cells. EMBO Rep. 2008; 9(6):582-9. ^, ⁴²42 Engels BM, Hutvagner G. Principles and effects of microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation. Oncogene. 2006; 25(46):6163-9.	miR-191; miR-379; miR-29b 7; miR-191; miR-22; miR-200c;	miR-100; miR-107; miR-133b; miR-143;
	miR-191; miR-379; miR-29b 7; miR-191; miR-22; miR-200c;	miR-145; miR-196a; miR-521; miR-106b;
	miR-141; miR-24 ; miR-30a-5p; miR-9-1	miR-199a
Gastrointestinal
Rectum⁴³43 Deng S, Calin GA, Croce CM, Coukos G, Zhang L. Mechanisms of microRNA deregulation in human cancer. Cell Cycle. 2008; 7(17):2643-6. ^, ⁴⁴44 Bussing I, Slack FJ, Grosshans H. Let-7 microRNAs in development, stem cells and cancer. Trends Mol Med. 2008; 14(9):400-9.	miR-1183; miR-483-5p; miR-622; miR-125a-3p; miR-1224-5p;	miR-1274b; miR-720
	miR-188-5p; miR-1471; miR-671-5p; miR-1909; miR-630;
	miR-765; miR125b; miR137
Hematology
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma⁴⁵45 Johnson SM, Grosshans H, Shingara J, Byrom M, Jarvis R, Cheng A, et al. RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family. Cell. 2005; 120(5):635-47.	miR-1913; miR-Plus-F1147; miR-148b; miR-589; miR-106b;	miR-29a; miR-335; miR-193b; miR-21;
	miR-Plus-G1246-3p; miR-19b; miR-1280; miR-BHRF1-1;	miR-340; miR-33a; let-7e; miR-Plus-E1098;
	miR-20a	miR-483-3p; miR-200b
Breast
Breast⁴⁶46 Dent P, Yacoub A, Fisher PB, Hagan MP, Grant S. MAPK pathways in radiation responses. Oncogene. 2003; 22(37):5885-96.	–	miR-302a; miR-302b; miR-302c;
	–	miR-302d; miR-302e
Other
Normal human fibroblasts⁴⁷47 Simone NL, Soule BP, Ly D, Saleh AD, Savage JE, Degraff W, et al. Ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress alters miRNA expression. PLoS One. 2009; 4(7):e6377.	let-7d; let-7e; let-7f; let-7g; let-7i; miR-15a; miR-17-3p; miR-17-5p;	let-7a; let-7b; let-7d; miR-24; miR-155;
	miR-19b; miR-21; miR-26b; miR-142-3p; miR-142-5p; miR-143;	miR-222
	miR-145; miR-155; miR-663
Human 3-D airway model tissues⁴⁸48 Tarasov V, Jung P, Verdoodt B, Lodygin D, Epanchintsev A, Menssen A, et al. Differential regulation of microRNAs by p53 revealed by massively parallel sequencing: miR-34a is a p53 target that induces apoptosis and G1-arrest. Cell Cycle. 2007; 6(13):1586-93.	–	let-7a; let-7b; let-7c; let-7d; let-7e;
	–	let-7f; let-7g; let-7i
Lymphocytes⁴⁹49 Koturbash I, Zemp F, Kolb B, Kovalchuk O. Sex-specific radiation-induced microRNAome responses in the hippocampus, cerebellum and frontal cortex in a mouse model. Mutat Res. 2011; 722(2):114-8.	miR-16; miR-34a; miR-34b; miR-145; miR-188-5p; miR-221;	let-7e; miR-10a; miR-17; miR-19b; miR-99a;
	miR-601; miR-663	miR-100; miR-152;miR-181a; miR-196a
Blood⁵⁰50 Dickey JS, Zemp FJ, Martin OA, Kovalchuk O. The role of miRNA in the direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2011; 50(4):491-9.	let-7f; miR-16; miR-17-3p; miR-17-5p; miR-19a; miR-20a;	miR-143
	miR-20b; miR-21; miR-24; miR-27a; miR-29a; miR-29c;
	miR-106a; miR-126; miR-142-5p; miR-145; miR-148a;
	miR-222
Endothelial cell⁵¹51 Kraemer A, Anastasov N, Angermeier M, Winkler K, Atkinson MJ, Moertl S. MicroRNA-mediated processes are essential for the cellular radiation response. Radiat Res. 2011; 176(5):575-86.	let-7g; miR-16; miR-20a; miR-21; miR-29c	miR-125a
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells⁵²52 Surova O, Akbar NS, Zhivotovsky B. Knock-down of core proteins regulating microRNA biogenesis has no effect on sensitivity of lung cancer cells to ionizing radiation. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3):e33134.	miR-17-5p; miR-19a; miR-19b; miR-20a; miR-21; miR-27b;	–
	miR-29a; miR-29c; miR-126; miR-221; miR-222

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