Chronic joint symptoms in adults: A population-based study

A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 1,217 adults aged between 20 and 59 years, in the city of Viçosa, in 2014. The sampling process was performed by conglomerates and sample was selected using a two-stage cluster-sampling scheme. First, 30 of the 99 census tracts of Viçosa were randomly selected using a random sampling scheme, without replacement. Household questionnaires were applied to obtain CJS data, sociodemographic conditions, behavioral factors and health status. Multivariable analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect, using the svy commands in Stata software.

Results:

Prevalence of CJS totaled 31.27%, significantly higher in women (18.45). Age ranges 40-49 (PR 1.50; 95CI 1.16-1.92) and 50-59 years (PR 1.55; 95CI 1.07-2.25); overweight (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.28-2.00); obesity (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.11-2.29); and those who self-reported performing heavy work (PR 1.27; 95CI 1.09-1.48) showed higher prevalences of CJS.

Conclusion:

Women and individuals who were older, overweight and performing heavy work had a higher risk of CJS in this adult population residing in Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

Keywords:
health surveys; rheumatic diseases; joints; adults

Variable	Proportion (%)	Confidence interval (95CI)
Sex
Male	49.20	(45.73-52.67)
Female	50.80	(47.32-54.26)
Age range (years)
20-29	32.78	(24.34-42.50)
30-39	25.24	(21.07-29.91)
40-49	22.93	(18.30-28.31)
50-59	19.05	(15.10-23.74)
Skin color
White	39.60	(33.45-46.09)
Non-white	60.39	(53.90-66.54)
Education (years)
0-4	19.04	(12.32-28.23)
5-8	15.19	(11.30-20.11)
9-12	21.47	(18.09-25.29)
≥13	44.29	(32.57-56.67)
Social class (ABEP)
Upper (A and B)	24.53	(19.00-31.06)
Middle (C)	64.68	(59.92-69.16)
Lower (D and E)	10.77	(7.30-15.61)
Smoking
Non-smoker	65.47	(59.88-70.65)
Current smoker	16.17	(13.16-19.71)
Former smoker	18.35	(13.78-24.01)
Level of physical activity in leisure
Physically inactive	78.03	(71.37-83.49)
Physically active	21.96	(16.50-28.62)
Self-reported nutritional status^* * The nutritional status was obtained based on the ratio between body mass and squared stature, both self-reported. The cut-off points adopted were ≤ 25 kg/m2 = adequate; 25 kg/m2 to 29.99 kg/m2 = overweight; and ≥ 30 kg/m2 = obese.19
Adequate	50.98	(45.41-56.52)
Overweight	32.64	(28.61-36.95)
Obesity	16.37	(12.55-21.06)
High blood pressure
No	82.77	(78.69-86.20)
Yes	17.22	(13.79-21.30)
Diabetes mellitus
No	94.50	(90.39-96.91)
Yes	5.49	(3.08-9.60)
Family history of arthritis
No	94.65	(93.20-95.81)
Yes	5.34	(4.18-6.79)
Heavy work
No	66.66	(57.34-74.83)
Yes	33.34	(25.17-42.65)
Repetitive tasks
Never	28.30	(22.11-35.42)
Always	71.70	(64.57-77.88)

Variables	Frequency (%)	p-value^* * Chi-square test (p<0.05).
Sex		<0.01
Male	12.82
Female	18.45
Age range (years)		<0.01
20-29	6.47
30-39	8.26
40-49	8.41
50-59	8.13
Skin color		0.05
White	20.33
Non-white	10.94
Education (years)		<0.01
0-4	7.93
5-8	5.33
9-12	7.70
≥13	10.32
Social class (ABEP)		0.22
Upper (A and B)	6.42
Middle (C)	21.13
Lower (D and E)	3.75
Smoking habit		0.03
Non-smoker	19.29
Current smoker	4.18
Former smoker	7.80
Level of physical activity in leisure		0.01
Physically inactive	27.03
Physically active	5.66
Self-reported nutritional status^ The nutritional status was obtained based on the ratio between body mass and squared stature, both self-reported. The cut-off points adopted were ≤ 25 kg/m2 = adequate; 25 kg/m2 to 29.99 kg/m2 = overweight, and ≥ 30 kg/m2 = obese.19		<0.01
Adequate	11.49
Overweight	11.55
Obesity	8.25
High blood pressure		<0.01
No	23.68
Yes	7.59
Diabetes mellitus		0.14
No	29.39
Yes	1.50
Family history of arthritis		<0.01
No	28.34
Yes	2.73
Heavy work		<0.01
No	18.06
Yes	12.94
Repetitive tasks		<0.01
No	6.33
Yes	24.57

Variables	Gross prevalence ratio (95CI)	p-value	Adjusted prevalence ratio^* * All variables were adjusted.	p-value
Sex		<0.01		<0.01
Male	1.00		1.00
Female	1.39 (1.13-1.72)		1.49 (1.23-1.81)
Age range (years)		<0.01		0.02
20-29	1.00		1.00
30-39	1.66 (1.31-2.10)		1.30 (0.99-1.72)
40-49	1.86 (1.47-2.34)		1.50 (1.16-1.92)
50-59	2.16 (1.65-2.83)		1.55 (1.07-2.25)
Skin color		0.06		0.61
White	1.00		1.00
Non-white	1.22 (0.99-1.50)		1.07 (0.82-1.39)
Education (years)		<0.01		0.64
≥13	1.00		1.00
9-12	1.54 (1.25-188)		1.15 (0.76-1.74)
5-8	1.50 (1.19-1.89)		1.29 (0.74-2.24)
0-4	1.79 (1.30-2.45)		0.86 (0.55-1.35)
Social class (ABEP)		0.11		0.55
Upper (A and B)	1.00		1.00
Middle (C)	1.25 (0.99-1.58)		1.21 (0.94-1.56)
Lower (D and E)	1.33 (0.85-2.08)		1.06 (0.75-1.52)
Smoking habit		0.07		0.42
Non-smoker	1.00		1.00
Current smoker	0.88 (0.59-1.30)		0.90 (0.60-1.36)
Former smoker	1.44 (1.05-1.98)		1.11 (0.80-1.56)
Level of physical activity in leisure		0.15		0.42
Irregularly active	1.00		1.00
Physically active	0.84 (0.66-1.07)		1.12 (0.83-1.51)
Self-reported nutritional status^ The nutritional status was obtained based on the ratio between body mass and squared stature, both self-reported. The cut-off points adopted were ≤ 25 kg/m2 = adequate; 25 kg/m2 to 29.99 kg/m2 = overweight, and ≥ 30 kg/m2 = obese.19		<0.01		<0.01
Adequate	1.00		1.00
Overweight	1.59 (1.26-2.02)		1.60 (1.28-2.00)
Obesity	2.00 (1.37-2.92)		1.60 (1.11-2.29)
High blood pressure		<0.01		0.83
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.54 (1.25-1.90)		0.66 (0.30-1.44)
Diabetes mellitus		0.60		0.33
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	0.88 (0.53-1.44)		1.01 (0.71-1.56)
Family history of arthritis		0.01		0.09
No			1.00
Yes	1.37 (1.07-1.76)		1.23 (0.96-1.56)
Heavy work		<0.01		<0.01
No	1.0		1.00
Yes	1.43 (1.19-1.72)		1.27 (1.09-1.48)
Repetitive tasks		0.02		0.38
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.53 (1.08-2.17)		1.06 (0.92-1.22)

Associação Médica Brasileira R. São Carlos do Pinhal, 324, 01333-903 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel: +55 11 3178-6800, Fax: +55 11 3178-6816 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ramb@amb.org.br

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[1] *Correspondence: Address: Rua Augusta Siqueira, 490, Caiçaras, Barbacena, MG - Brazil, Postal code: 36205-362. fafege@yahoo.com.br