Assessment of oxidative damage and enzymatic antioxidant system activity on the umbilical cord blood and saliva from preterm newborns with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis

Coutinho, Fábio Gonçalves; Diniz, Edna Maria de Albuquerque; Kandler, Ingrid; Cianciarullo, Marco Antônio; Santos, Natália Rodrigues dos

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.64.10.888

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 64 (10) • Oct 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.10.888 copy

Assessment of oxidative damage and enzymatic antioxidant system activity on the umbilical cord blood and saliva from preterm newborns with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

BACKGROUND:

To determine the concentration of the Lipid Peroxidation Marker: Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Antioxidant Markers: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAL) in umbilical cord blood and in unstimulated saliva in the first 24 and 48 hours of life in the PTNB of mothers with and without risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional study with the signing of informed consent by the pregnant women and application of a standard questionnaire classifying the PTNB in Group 1 or 2.

RESULTS:

Twenty-one PTNB were studied. Regarding gender, birth weight, need for oxygen, use of phototherapy, diagnosis of assumed sepsis, presence of fetal distress, number of pregnancies, type of delivery, use of corticosteroids, premature rupture of membranes, maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, APGAR at the 5th and 10th minute of life. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney test (p = 0.019) on the GPX variable of umbilical cord blood in the group of mothers with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis. There was no statistical difference in the MDA, SOD, and CAT variables of the group with risk factors and in any variable of the group without risk factors.

CONCLUSION:

There was an increase of the GPX concentration in the blood from the umbilical vein in the group with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis. There was no statistical significance in the comparison of saliva and umbilical cord blood. There was no statistically significant difference in MDA, SOD, CAT.

KEYWORDS:
Oxidative stress; Infant, Premature; Malondialdehyde; Glutathione peroxidase; Superoxide dismutase

Variables		With factors		Without factors		Total
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender
Men		5	41.7	5	55.6	10	47.6
Female		7	58.3	4	44.4	11	52.4
Classification per weight
	SGA	–	–	4	44.4	4	19.0
	AGA	12	100.0	3	33.3	15	71.4
	LGA	–	–	2	22.2	2	9.5
100% Oxygen
	Yes	9	75.0	4	44.4	13	61.9
	No	3	25.0	5	55.6	8	38.1
Phototherapy
	Yes	–	–	–	–	–	–
	No	12	100.0	9	100.0	21	100.0
Assumed sepsis
	Yes	2	16.7	–	–	2	9.5
	No	10	83.3	9	100.0	19	90.5
Neonatal stress
	Yes	–	–	3	33.3	3	14.3
	No	12	100.0	6	66.7	18	85.7
Number of pregnancies
	One	7	58.3	–	–	7	33.3
	Two	3	25.0	5	55.6	8	38.1
	Four	2	16.7	2	22.2	4	19.0
	Five	–	–	2	22.2	2	9.5
Type of delivery
	Vaginal	7	58.3	–	–	7	33.3
	Elec. Cesarean	3	25.0	3	33.3	6	28.6
	Emer. Cesarean	2	16.7	6	66.7	8	38.1
Smoker
Yes		–	–	–	–	–	–
No		12	100.0	9	100.0	21	100.0
Alcohol consumption
Yes		–	–	–	–	–	–
No		12	100.0	9	100.0	21	100.0
Use of corticosteroids
Yes		4	33.3	1	11.1	5	23.8
No		8	66.7	8	88.9	16	76.2
Premature rupture of membranes
Yes		4	33.3	–	–	4	19.0
No		8	66.7	9	100.0	17	81.0
Maternal Fever
Yes		–	–	–	–	–	–
No		12	100.0	9	100.0	21	100.0
Chorioamnionitis
Yes		2	16.7	–	–	2	9.5
No		10	83.3	9	100.0	19	90.5
Total		12	100.0	9	100.0	21	100.0

Groups	Variables	n	Lower value	Higher value	Mean	Average	Standard deviation
With factors	Birth weight (g)	12	1,390.00	3,270.00	2,355.00	2,308.33	587.62
	5th minute Apgar	12	8.00	10.00	9.00	9.25	0.75
	10th minute Apgar	2	9.00	10.00	9.50	9.50	0.71
Without factors	Birth weight (g)	9	1,270.00	3,855.00	2,235.00	2,356.67	768.14
	5th minute Apgar	9	8.00	10.00	9.00	9.22	0.67
	10th minute Apgar	1	9.00	9.00	9.00	9.00	-
TOTAL	Birth weight (g)	21	1,270.00	3,855.00	2,300.00	2,329.05	653.09
	5th minute Apgar	21	8.00	10.00	9.00	9.24	0.70
	10th minute Apgar	3	9.00	10.00	9.00	9.33	0.58

Variables (blood)	Groups	Mean	Average	Standard deviation	p-value
Protein	With factor	190.8165	195.9479	34.1258	0.570^ Mann-Whitney Test
Protein	Without factor	189.4390	228.6762	96.5989	0.570^ Mann-Whitney Test
MDA	With factor	0.0271	0.0281	0.0052	0.286^ Mann-Whitney Test
MDA	Without factor	0.0313	0.0295	0.0041	0.286^ Mann-Whitney Test
Catalase	With factor	0.1896	0.1922	0.0374	0.366^* * t-Test for averages.
Catalase	Without factor	0.1487	0.1628	0.0875	0.366^* * t-Test for averages.
Glutathione peroxidase	With factor	0.2285	0.2465	0.1793	0.019^ Mann-Whitney Test
Glutathione peroxidase	Without factor	0.0791	0.0792	0.0220	0.019^ Mann-Whitney Test
SOD	With factor	0.0051	0.0054	0.0016	0.067^* * t-Test for averages.
SOD	Without factor	0.0039	0.0041	0.0014	0.067^* * t-Test for averages.

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Fábio Coutinho, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 647 - Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo - São Paulo - Brasil – 05403-000 E-mail: coutinhofg@yahoo.com.br