Duan et al.1111. Duan B, Hockaday LA, Kang KH, Butcher JT. 3D bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate/gelatin hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2013;101(5):1255-64./2013 |
Computed tomography |
Micro-CT (GE eXplore CT120; GE Health Care, Milwaukee, WI) at 100 μm resolution, 80keV, 30 mA, 800 angles, 30 ms exposure time, 30 gain, and 20 offset.30 |
Alginate/gelatin hydrogel |
Living aortic valve conduits with anatomical resemblance to the native valve based on alginate/gelatin hydrogel system |
Dankowski et al.1212. Dankowski R, Baszko A, Sutherland M, Firek L, Kałmucki P, Wróblewska K, et al. 3D heart model printing for preparation of percutaneous structural interventions: description of the technology and case report. Kardiol Pol. 2014;72(6):546-51./2014 |
Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) |
3D printing as a clinically applicable heart modeling technology |
Rubber-like urethane |
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Little et al.1313. Little SH, Vukicevic M, Avenatti E, Ramchandani M, Barker CM. 3D printed modeling for patient-specific mitral valve intervention: repair with a clip and a plug. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9(9):973-5./ 2016 |
Echocardiography and tomography |
A multimaterial patient-specific 3D model |
Multimaterial TangoPlus |
Replicate the mitral valve leaflet geometry, regional calcium deposition (yellow) and pathology. |
Vukicevic et al.1414. Vukicevic M, Puperi DS, Jane Grande-Allen K, Little SH. 3D printed modeling of the mitral valve for catheter-based structural interventions. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017;45(2):508-19./2017 |
Clinical 3D transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography |
Multi-material 3D printing technology and addition 3D TEE |
Multi-material, TangoPlus-Shore 3 |
Specific mitral leaflet geometry and the mitral valve apparatus can be digitally reconstructed from currently available clinical imaging tools |
Gallo et al.1515. Gallo M, D’Onofrio A, Tarantini G, Nocerino E, Remondino F, Gerosa G. 3D-printing model for complex aortic transcatheter valve treatment. Int J Cardiol. 2016;210:139-40./2016 |
A 64-row multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) |
Three-dimensional (3D) model |
Stereolithography |
Was useful to rule out the risk of occlusion of the brachiocephalic trunk during the stent-valve deployment and is a useful tool to plan complex transcatheter |
Maragiannis et al.1616. Maragiannis D, Jackson MS, Igo SR, Schutt RC, Connell P, Grande-Allen J, et al. Replicating patient-specific severe aortic valve stenosis with functional 3D modeling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;8(10):e003626./2016 |
ECG-gated and 64-slice multi-detector CT |
Multimaterial 3D printed |
The rubber-like material TangoPlus |
Replicate the anatomic and functional properties of severe degenerative aortic valve stenosis. |
Sodian et al.1717. Sodian R, Schmauss D, Markert M, Weber S, Nikolaou K, Haeberle S, et al. Three-dimensional printing creates models for surgical planning of aortic valve replacement after previous coronary bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85(6):2105-8./2008 |
128-slice computed tomography |
3D printing techniques |
Stereolithographic model, Stereolithographic prototyping |
Proving benefit in complex anatomy |
Bauch et al.1818. Bauch T, Vijayaraman P, Dandamudi G, Ellenbogen K. Three-dimensional printing for in vivo visualization of his bundle pacing leads. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(3):485-6./2015 |
Computed tomography (CT)64 slice |
Three- dimensional (3D) printing technology |
Poly-actic acid filament |
Research to minimize detrimental interactions between permanent pacing leads(His) and the tricuspid valve apparatus |
Schmauss et al.1919. Schmauss D, Haeberle S, Hagl C, Sodian R. Three-dimensional printing in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology: a single-centre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47(6):1044-52./2015 |
CT 64 or 128 slices or MRI scans |
3D printing models in collaboration with the Institute of Micro-Technology and Medical Device Technology, |
A starch/cellulose powder (zp 15e) bound with polymer (zb 60). Using different types of material enables the production of rigid and flexible parts. |
Perioperative planning and simulation in a variety of complex cases in pediatric and adult cardiac surgery |
Fujita et al.2020. Fujita T, Saito N, Minakata K, Imai M, Yamazaki K, Kimura T. Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the presence of a mechanical mitral valve prosthesis using a dedicated TAVI guidewire: utility of a patient-specific three-dimensional heart model. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2017;32(3):308-11./2017 |
Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) |
3D reconstruction of computed tomography image. |
Stereolithography |
Simulation was performed using a patient-specific heart prototype to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TAVI guidewire use. |
Jacobs et al.2121. Jacobs S, Grunert R, Mohr FW, Falk V. 3D-imaging of cardiac structures using 3D heart models for planning in heart surgery: a preliminary study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2008;7(1):6-9./ 2008 |
Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images |
3-dimensional (3D) printed multi-material |
Plaster model |
Planning and improved orientation to resection of ventricular aneurysm and malignant cardiac tumors may facilitate the surgical procedure due to better. |
Kim et al.2222. Kim MS, Hansgen AR, Wink O, Quaife RA, Carroll JD. Rapid prototyping a new tool in understanding and treating structural heart disease. Circulation. 2008;117(18):2388-94./ 2008 |
Multidetector CT |
3D image processing software. |
Polymerization of a photosensitive resin |
Plan the operative approach for a 2.5-year-old child with single ventricle and single AV valve |
Hadeed et al.2323. Hadeed K, Dulac Y, Acar P. Three-dimensional printing of a complex CHD to plan surgical repair. Cardiol Young. 2016;26(7):1432-4./ 2016 |
Multi-detector-CT using 64-slice |
Printed using a three-dimensional printer with HeartPrint® flex material (Materialise). |
Flex material (Materialise) |
Allows better understanding regard to size, position of ventricular septal defect, and its relationships with the great arteries. |