Abstract
Dendrocephalus riograndensis n. sp., a new species of fairy shrimp, is described from a single temporary pool in Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Males are readily separated from all other DendrocephalusDaday, 1908 Daday de Dees, E. 1908. Diagnoses praecursoriae specierum aliquot novarum e familia Branchiopodidae. Annales de Sciences Naturelles, neuvème série, Zoologie, 7: 137-150.species by the form of the frontal appendage and the form of the first thoracopods. This new species is most similar to Dendrocephalus goiasensis Rabet & Thiéry, 1996 and could be confused with this species. This new species appears to be endemic to Rio Grande do Sul.
Key words
Fairy Shrimp; endangered species; identification key; Laguna dos Patos Ecoregion