QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOME OPERATIONAL VARIABLES ON THE CELL GROWTH YIELD (Yx/s) OF Penilcilium chrysogenum BY SURFACE RESPONSE ANALYSIS

The yield coefficient Yx/s was correlated with variables such as temperature (22.8-29.2 oC), concentrations of corn steep liquor (6.4-57.4 g/L), ammonium sulfate (5.6-18.4 g/L), sucrose (4.0-36.0 g/L) and soybean oil (3.0-7.0 g/L), all important variables in the growth stage of the Penicillium chrysogenum fungus. An empirical model was obtained by response surface statistical experimental design. The tests were performed with a complex culture medium in a rotatory shaker. The highest Yx/s values were obtained at low sucrose concentrations (~4.0 g/L) and high corn steep liquor concentrations (~57.4 g/L). Temperature, ammonium sulfate and soybean oil concentrations showed no significant effect on Yx/s

Penicillium chrysogenum; growth; yield; surface response

Authorship

M.E.A.G. OPRIME

C.A.T. SUAZO

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São CarlosUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. de Engenharia Química

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São CarlosUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. de Engenharia Química

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (7)

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Variables Values of ZI -1.6 -1 0 1 1.6 x1 (g/L) 22.8 24.0 26.0 28.0 29.2 x2 (g/L) 6.37 15.93 31.86 47.79 57.35 x3 (g/L) 5.6 8.0 12.0 16.0 18.4 x4 (g/L) 4.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 36.0 x5 (g/L) ... 3.0 5.0 7.0 ...

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Tests Codified Variables Results z1 z2 z3 z4 z5 Yx/s 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0.566 2 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0.655 3 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 0.772 4 1 1 -1 -1 -1 0.789 5 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 0.486 6 1 -1 1 -1 -1 0.530 7 -1 1 1 -1 -1 0.783 8 1 1 1 -1 -1 0.780 9 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 0.855 10 1 -1 -1 1 -1 0.630 11 -1 1 -1 1 -1 0.805 12 1 1 -1 1 -1 0.477 13 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0.396 14 1 -1 1 1 -1 0.388 15 -1 1 1 1 -1 0.762 16 1 1 1 1 -1 0.654 17 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 0.834 18 1 -1 -1 -1 1 0.660 19 -1 1 -1 -1 1 0.898 20 1 1 -1 -1 1 0.798 21 -1 -1 1 -1 1 0.697 22 1 -1 1 -1 1 0.648 23 -1 1 1 -1 1 0.891 24 1 1 1 -1 1 0.727 25 -1 -1 -1 1 1 0.651 26 1 -1 -1 1 1 0.673 27 -1 1 -1 1 1 0.573 28 1 1 -1 1 1 0.475 29 -1 -1 1 1 1 0.897 30 1 -1 1 1 1 0.287 31 -1 1 1 1 1 0.719 32 1 1 1 1 1 0.524 33 0 0 0 0 0 0.510 34 0 0 0 0 0 0.585 35 0 0 0 0 0 0.543 36 -1.6 0 0 0 - 0.540 37 1.6 0 0 0 - 0.626 38 0 -1.6 0 0 - 0.536 39 0 1.6 0 0 - 0.578 40 0 0 -1.6 0 - 0.542 41 0 0 1.6 0 - 0.542 42 0 0 0 -1.6 - 1.379 43 0 0 0 1.6 - 0.485 44 0 0 0 0 - 0.672 45 0 0 0 0 - 0.640

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Source Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Square F Value F Distribution model 5 0.32443 0.06489 3.738 2.55 error 29 0.50339 0.01736 interaction terms 26 0.4617224 0.0177586 12.568 19.45 quadratic terms 1 0.0038842 0.0388416 27.4887 18.51 pure error 2 0.002826 0.001413 sum 34 0.82782

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Parameter Degrees of Freedom Parameter Estimate Standard Error T for H0: Parameter = 0 Prob (T) Intercept 1 0.654800 0.02227 29.403 0.0001 z1 1 -0.059063 0.02329 -2.536 0.169 z2 1 0.049188 0.02329 2.112 0.0434 z3 1 -0.029438 0.02329 -1.264 0.2163 z4 1 -0.054625 0.02329 -2.345 0.0261 z5 1 0.019500 0.02329 0.837 0.4093

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Source Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Square F Value F Distribution Regression 14 0.83847 0.05989 2.981 2.75 Error 30 0.60264 0.02009 Sum 44 1.44110

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Parameter Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Square F Distribution Probability > F z1 5 0.132786 0.026557 1.322 0.2815 z2 5 0.185320 0.037064 1.845 0.1341 z3 5 0.101971 0.020394 1.015 0.4261 z4 5 0.585284 0.117057 5.827 0.0007

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Source Degrees of Freedom Sum of Squares Mean Square F Value F Distribution model 5 0.60578 0.12116 5.657 5.17 error 39 0.83532 0.02142 sum 44 1.44110

Variables	Values of Z_I
	-1.6	-1	0	1	1.6
x₁ (g/L)	22.8	24.0	26.0	28.0	29.2
x₂ (g/L)	6.37	15.93	31.86	47.79	57.35
x₃ (g/L)	5.6	8.0	12.0	16.0	18.4
x₄ (g/L)	4.0	10.0	20.0	30.0	36.0
x₅ (g/L)	...	3.0	5.0	7.0	...

Tests		Codified Variables							Results
	z₁		z₂	z₃		z₄	z₅		Y_x/s
1	-1		-1	-1	-1			-1		0.566
2	1		-1	-1	-1			-1		0.655
3	-1		1	-1	-1			-1		0.772
4	1		1	-1	-1			-1		0.789
5	-1		-1	1	-1			-1		0.486
6	1		-1	1	-1			-1		0.530
7	-1		1	1	-1			-1		0.783
8	1		1	1	-1			-1		0.780
9	-1		-1	-1	1			-1		0.855
10	1		-1	-1	1			-1		0.630
11	-1		1	-1	1			-1		0.805
12	1		1	-1	1			-1		0.477
13	-1		-1	1	1			-1		0.396
14	1		-1	1	1			-1		0.388
15	-1		1	1	1			-1		0.762
16	1		1	1	1			-1		0.654
17	-1		-1	-1	-1			1		0.834
18	1		-1	-1	-1			1		0.660
19	-1		1	-1	-1			1		0.898
20	1		1	-1	-1			1		0.798
21	-1		-1	1	-1			1		0.697
22	1		-1	1	-1			1		0.648
23	-1		1	1	-1			1		0.891
24	1		1	1	-1			1		0.727
25	-1		-1	-1	1			1		0.651
26	1		-1	-1	1			1		0.673
27	-1		1	-1	1			1		0.573
28	1		1	-1	1			1		0.475
29	-1		-1	1	1			1		0.897
30	1		-1	1	1			1		0.287
31	-1		1	1	1			1		0.719
32	1		1	1	1			1		0.524
33	0		0	0	0			0		0.510
34	0		0	0	0			0		0.585
35	0		0	0	0			0		0.543
36	-1.6		0	0	0			-		0.540
37	1.6		0	0	0			-		0.626
38	0		-1.6	0	0			-		0.536
39	0		1.6	0	0			-		0.578
40	0		0	-1.6	0			-		0.542
41	0		0	1.6	0			-		0.542
42	0		0	0	-1.6			-		1.379
43	0		0	0	1.6			-		0.485
44	0		0	0	0			-		0.672
45	0		0	0	0			-		0.640

Source	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	F Distribution
model	5	0.32443	0.06489	3.738	2.55
error	29	0.50339	0.01736
interaction terms	26	0.4617224	0.0177586	12.568	19.45
quadratic terms	1	0.0038842	0.0388416	27.4887	18.51
pure error	2	0.002826	0.001413
sum	34	0.82782

Parameter	Degrees of Freedom	Parameter Estimate	Standard Error	T for H₀: Parameter = 0	Prob (T)
Intercept	1	0.654800	0.02227	29.403	0.0001
z₁	1	-0.059063	0.02329	-2.536	0.169
z₂	1	0.049188	0.02329	2.112	0.0434
z₃	1	-0.029438	0.02329	-1.264	0.2163
z₄	1	-0.054625	0.02329	-2.345	0.0261
z₅	1	0.019500	0.02329	0.837	0.4093

Source	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	F Distribution
Regression	14	0.83847	0.05989	2.981	2.75
Error	30	0.60264	0.02009
Sum	44	1.44110

Parameter	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Distribution	Probability > F
z₁	5	0.132786	0.026557	1.322	0.2815
z₂	5	0.185320	0.037064	1.845	0.1341
z₃	5	0.101971	0.020394	1.015	0.4261
z₄	5	0.585284	0.117057	5.827	0.0007

Source	Degrees of Freedom	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F Value	F Distribution
model	5	0.60578	0.12116	5.657	5.17
error	39	0.83532	0.02142
sum	44	1.44110

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QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOME OPERATIONAL VARIABLES ON THE CELL GROWTH YIELD (Yx/s) OF Penilcilium chrysogenum BY SURFACE RESPONSE ANALYSIS

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