STUDY OF FEEDSTOCK INJECTION TO IMPROVE CATALYST HOMOGENIZATION IN THE RISER OF A FCC

Selected papers from the 20th Brazilian Congress of Chemical Engineering (COBEQ-2014) • Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 33 (3) • Jul-Sep 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20160333s20150124 copy

STUDY OF FEEDSTOCK INJECTION TO IMPROVE CATALYST HOMOGENIZATION IN THE RISER OF A FCC

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A three dimensional gas-solid reactive flow model based on the Eulerian-Eulerian approach was used to study the effects of different nozzle designs with internal parts inside the FCC riser. The simulations were solved using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with CFX version 14.0 as tool. The results showed that the nozzle designs have a significant influence on the gas-solid behavior, resulting in an important role in the hydrodynamics and thermal behavior of the riser. Furthermore, the simulations show it is possible to improve the catalyst-gas distribution with an appropriate nozzle design.

Keywords:
Nozzles; Riser; Fluid Dynamic; FCC

Authorship

D. C. Pelissari

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Business Management and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Avenida Albert Einstein 500, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas - SP, Brazil. Phone: (55) (19) 3521-0373 Universidade Estadual de CampinasBrazilCampinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Business Management and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Avenida Albert Einstein 500, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas - SP, Brazil. Phone: (55) (19) 3521-0373

H. C. Alvarez-Castro

Universidad Manuela Beltrán (UMB) /AC Ingenieria Virtual, Bucaramanga, Colombia. E-mail: danielcicero21@hotmail.comUniversidad Manuela BeltránColombiaColombiaUniversidad Manuela Beltrán (UMB) /AC Ingenieria Virtual, Bucaramanga, Colombia. E-mail: danielcicero21@hotmail.com

M. Mori ^**E-mail: mori@feq.unicamp.br^**To whom correspondence should be addressed

W. Martignoni

PETROBRAS/AB-RE-TR/OT, 65 República do Chile Ave, CEP: 20031-912, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.PETROBRAS/AB-RE-TR/OTBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilPETROBRAS/AB-RE-TR/OT, 65 República do Chile Ave, CEP: 20031-912, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.

*E-mail: mori@feq.unicamp.br

*To whom correspondence should be addressed

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (6)
Tables (5)

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Figure 1
Riser geometry and nozzle designs: (A) General Riser geometry; (B) Case 1(without internal parts in the riser) (C) Case 2; (D) case 3 and (E) Case 4.

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Figure 2
Stream line gas phase velocity: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

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Figure 3
Gas phase volume fraction in cross-sectional planes 0.1 m after the feedstock injection: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

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Figure 4
Catalyst volume fraction: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

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Figure 5
Temperature: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

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Figure 6
(A) Catalyst Volume Fraction; (B) Temperature radial distribution, at 6 m of height.

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Table 1
Governing Equations and Complementary Correlations.

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Table 2
Dimensions of the simulated riser.

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Table 3
Mesh Test (Alvarez-Castro, 2012).

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Table 4
Main operating conditions (Chang et al., 2012).

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Ci Molar concentration of component I [kmol m-3] CD Drag coefﬁcient [-] Cu Constant (0.09) C∈,1 Constant (1.44) C∈,2 Constant (1.92) d Particle diameter [m] g Gravitational acceleration [m2 s−1] G Elasticity modulus [Pa] G 0 Constant of elasticity modulus function [Pa] H Static enthalpy [J mol−1] k Turbulent kinetic energy [m2 s−2] Nu Nusselt number [-] p Static pressure [Pa] pk Shear production of turbulence [Pa s−1] Pr Prandtl number [-] Re Reynolds number [-] T Static temperature [K] u Velocity vector [m s−1] Greek Symbols β Interphase momentum transfer [kg m−3 s−1] ℰ Volume fraction [-] ∈ Turbulence dissipation rate [m2 s−3] γ Interphase heat transfer coefﬁcient [W m−2 K−1] λ Thermal conductivity [W m−1 K−1] µ Viscosity [Pa s] ρ Density [kg m−3] σk Constant (1.00) σ∈ Constant (3.00) Subscripts g Gas phase lam Laminar r Reaction s Solid phase turb Turbulent

Figure 1 Riser geometry and nozzle designs: (A) General Riser geometry; (B) Case 1(without internal parts in the riser) (C) Case 2; (D) case 3 and (E) Case 4.

Figure 2 Stream line gas phase velocity: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

Figure 3 Gas phase volume fraction in cross-sectional planes 0.1 m after the feedstock injection: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

Figure 4 Catalyst volume fraction: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

Figure 5 Temperature: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3 and (D) Case 4.

Figure 6 (A) Catalyst Volume Fraction; (B) Temperature radial distribution, at 6 m of height.

Table 1 Governing Equations and Complementary Correlations.

Table 2 Dimensions of the simulated riser.

Length (m)		30
Bottom diameter (m)		0.7
Upper diameter (m)		1.0
Number of nozzles		8.0
Nozzles diameter (m)		0.12
Nozzles angle		45°
Catalyst entrance diameter (m)		0.6
Catalyst entrance angle		45°
Nozzle outlet area (m²)	Case 1	0,0128
	Case 2	0,01131
	Case 3	0,0044
	Case 4	0,0037

Table 3 Mesh Test (Alvarez-Castro, 2012).

Elements Number	334,000	534,000	765,000	980,000	1,457,000
Gasoline mass fraction	0.43	0.46	0.45	0.45	0.45
Pressure (Pa)	6,052	6,068	6,042	6,052	6,014

Table 4 Main operating conditions (Chang et al., 2012).

Reaction temperature (K)	793.15
Pressure drop (kPa)	163
Reaction time (s)	3.22
Flux of fresh feedstock (t/h)	124.46
Inlet temperature of fresh feedstock (K)	543.15
Catalyst temperature at the riser inlet (K)	913.15
Ratio of catalyst to oil	8.1

C_i	Molar concentration of component I [kmol m^-3]
C_D	Drag coefﬁcient [-]
C_u	Constant (0.09)
C_∈,1	Constant (1.44)
C_∈,2	Constant (1.92)
d	Particle diameter [m]
g	Gravitational acceleration [m² s⁻¹]
G	Elasticity modulus [Pa]
G ₀	Constant of elasticity modulus function [Pa]
H	Static enthalpy [J mol⁻¹]
k	Turbulent kinetic energy [m² s⁻²]
Nu	Nusselt number [-]
p	Static pressure [Pa]
^_pk	Shear production of turbulence [Pa s⁻¹]
Pr	Prandtl number [-]
R_e	Reynolds number [-]
T	Static temperature [K]
u	Velocity vector [m s⁻¹]
Greek Symbols
β	Interphase momentum transfer [kg m⁻³ s⁻¹]
ℰ	Volume fraction [-]
_∈	Turbulence dissipation rate [m² s⁻³]
γ	Interphase heat transfer coefﬁcient [W m⁻² K⁻¹]
λ	Thermal conductivity [W m⁻¹ K⁻¹]
µ	Viscosity [Pa s]
ρ	Density [kg m⁻³]
σk	Constant (1.00)
σ_∈	Constant (3.00)
*Subscripts*
g	Gas phase
lam	Laminar
r	Reaction
s	Solid phase
turb	Turbulent

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STUDY OF FEEDSTOCK INJECTION TO IMPROVE CATALYST HOMOGENIZATION IN THE RISER OF A FCC

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[1] *E-mail: mori@feq.unicamp.br