PROPERTIES OF MICROALGAE OIL FROM THE SPECIES <i>Chlorella protothecoides</i> AND ITS ETHYLIC BIODIESEL

Batista, F. R. M.; Lucchesi, K. W.; Carareto, N. D. D.; Costa, M. C. D.; Meirelles, A. J. A.

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20180354s20170191

F. R. M. Batista Corresponding author: fbatista@usp.br

ExTrAE, Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, P.O. Box 6121, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, 13083–862, Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: fbatista@usp.br, karol.wl@gmail.com, tomze@fea.unicamp.br

K. W. Lucchesi

School of Engineering of Lorena, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo – USP, 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil

N. D. D. Carareto

ExTrAE, Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, P.O. Box 6121, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, 13083–862, Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: fbatista@usp.br, karol.wl@gmail.com, tomze@fea.unicamp.br

M. C. D. Costa

ExTrAE, Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, P.O. Box 6121, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, 13083–862, Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: fbatista@usp.br, karol.wl@gmail.com, tomze@fea.unicamp.br

A. J. A. Meirelles

ExTrAE, Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, P.O. Box 6121, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, 13083–862, Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: fbatista@usp.br, karol.wl@gmail.com, tomze@fea.unicamp.br

Corresponding author: fbatista@usp.br

Faty Acids	Soybean^a	Palm^a	Sunflower^a	Microalgae^b
C 12:0	-	0.10 %	-	-
C 14:0	-	0.90 %	-	-
C 16:0	11.20 %	45.60 %	6.70 %	(4.79 ± 0.02) %
C 16:1	0.20 %	0.40 %	0.30 %	(0.23 ± 0.01) %
C 18:0	2.90 %	3.80 %	2.90 %	(1.72 ± 0.01) %
C 18:1	25.20 %	38.50 %	38.70 %	(62.17 ± 0.18) %
C 18:2	55.40 %	10.50 %	51.30 %	(22.33 ± 0.10) %
C 18:3	5.00 %	0.10 %	-	(6.66 ± 0.08) %
C 20:0	-	-	-	(0.55 ± 0.01) %
C 20:1	0.10 %	-	-	(1.55 ± 0.02) %
Other	-	0.10 %	0.10 %	-
Saturated	14.10 %	50.40 %	9.60 %	(7.06 ± 0.01) %
Unsaturated	85.90 %	49.60 %	90.30%	(92.94 ± 0.02) %

TAG¹	Chain	MM²	Soybean³	Palm³	Microalgae
PPP	51:0	807.32	-	5.6	-
PLP	50:2	831.35	2.20	10.30	0.15
POP	50:1	833.37	1.90	31.30	0.42
PLLn	52:5	853.36	3.50	-	0.50
LLP	52:4	855.38	14.60	2.10	2.42
PLO	52:3	857.39	11.40	10.30	4.87
OOP	52:2	859.41	5.50	23.90	6.34
POS	52:1	861.42	1.10	5.60	0.27
LnLnL	54:8	875.37	1.30	-	0.31
LLLn	54:7	877.38	8.00	-	1.87
LLL	54:6	879.40	22.2	-	6.77
LLO	54:5	881.41	16.40	1.00	17.34
OOL	54:4	883.43	8.10	1.80	26.66
OOO	54:3	885.44	2.50	4.00	25.48
OOS	54:2	887.46	1.30	2.70	2.34
LLnGa	56:6	907.45	-	-	0.13
GaOLn	56:5	909.47	-	-	0.49
GaOL	56:4	911.48	-	-	1.31
OOGa	56:3	913.50	-	-	1.63
OOA	56:2	915.51	-	-	0.69
Other	-	-	-	1.40	-

Density
		Oil			SD^a			Biodiesel			SD^a
A / g.cm^-3.K^-1		-6.8580∙10^-4			6.4∙10^-7			-7.2789∙10^-4			1.6∙10^-7
B / g.cm^-3		1.1165			2∙10^-4			1.08770			5∙10^-5
ARD (%)		0.04			-			0.01			-
R²		0.99999			-			0.99999			-
Viscosity
	Model 1 (Eq. 3)						Model 2 (Eq. 4)
	Oil		SD^a	Biodiesel		SD^a	Oil		SD^a	Biodiesel		SD^a
A / mPa∙s	-1.56		0.13	-2.60		0.07	4.51		0.63	-0.85		0.19
B /mPa∙s∙K	718		38	748		27	-4075		89	-710		21
C^b	-168		4	-128		4	1.16∙10⁶		6∙104	4.46∙10⁵		2∙103
ARD (%)	0.49		-	0.16		-	0.66		-	0.15		-
R²	0.99993		-	0.99997		-	0.99987		-	0.99997		-

	D	SD¹	E	SD¹	R²	Temperature Range (K)
Microalgae Oil	0.94248	3.4∙10^-4	-0.2315	0.0016	0.99940	293.15 – 358.15
Ethylic Biodiesel	0.93059	3.3∙10^-4	-0.15698	6.4∙10^-4	0.99978	293.15 – 358.15

Biodiesel FAEE	Composition (wt %)	CN_i
C 18:0 (Palmitate)	4.79	71.94
C 18:1 (Palmitoleate)	0.23	50.95
C 20:0 (Stearate)	1.72	81.97
C 20:1 (Oleate)	62.17	56.44
C 20:2 (Linoleate)	22.33	46.08
C 20:3 (Linolenate)	6.66	37.24
C 22:0 (Arachidate)	0.55	97.21
C 22:1 (Gadoleate)	1.55	64.76

	Oil	Biodiesel	Fossil Diesel^a
Water content (%wt)	0.086	0.018	-
Acidity value (mg KOH.g^-1)	0.193	0.224	Max 0.5
Density (g.cm^-3) at 273.15 K	0.915	0.874	0.820
Viscosity (mm².s^-1) at 313.15 K	32.86	4.88	3.20
Flash point (K)	-	457.05	338.15
Cloud point (K)	-	246.00	-
Melting point (K)	-	259.20	-
Cetane number	-	51.32	-

Temperature (K)	Density (g∙cm^-3)		Viscosity (mPa∙s)
Temperature (K)	Oil	Biodiesel	Oil	Biodiesel
293.15	0.91560	0.87430	65.08193	6.85308
298.15	0.91211	0.87065	51.94662	6.00147
303.15	0.90866	0.86700	42.18426	5.28794
308.15	0.90520	0.86334	35.17765	4.69467
313.15	0.90176	0.85971	29.64448	4.19965
318.15	0.89832	0.85607	24.90216	3.80059
323.15	0.89488	0.85242	21.59191	3.43251
328.15	0.89146	0.84880	18.63727	3.10011
333.15	0.88804	0.84516	16.18822	2.83225
338.15	0.88462	0.84152	14.27302	2.59896
343.15	0.88121	0.83788	12.57466	2.39468
348.15	0.87780	0.83425	11.22698	2.21567
353.15	0.87440	0.83061	10.03168	2.05560
358.15	0.87101	0.82697	9.00910	1.91258

[1] Corresponding author: fbatista@usp.br

Brasil

Brasil

PROPERTIES OF MICROALGAE OIL FROM THE SPECIES Chlorella protothecoides AND ITS ETHYLIC BIODIESEL

ABSTRACT