BIOETHANOL POTENTIAL FROM HIGH DENSITY SHORT ROTATION WOODY CROPS ON MARGINAL LANDS IN CENTRAL CHILE

Acuña, Eduardo; Cancino, Jorge; Rubilar, Rafael; Parra, Carolina

doi:10.1590/01047760201723012278

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Articles • CERNE 23 (1) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723012278 copy

BIOETHANOL POTENTIAL FROM HIGH DENSITY SHORT ROTATION WOODY CROPS ON MARGINAL LANDS IN CENTRAL CHILE

POTENCIAL DE BIOETANOL DE CULTURAS LENHOSAS CONDUZIDAS EM ALTA DENSIDADE E CURTA ROTAÇÃO EM TERRAS MARGINAIS NO CHILE CENTRAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Cellulosic ethanol is one of the most important biotechnological products to mitigate the consumption of fossil fuels and to increase the use of renewable resources for fuels and chemicals. Short rotation woody crops (SRWC) have been proposed as the most promising raw material for cellulosic ethanol production, as a result of its several advantages over traditional crops. In order to analyze the potential as crops for lignocellulosic bioethanol production in Chile, SRWC were established with the following species: Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens. These crops were established in two contrasting environments and in three plantation densities. The average theoretical ethanol yield at 48 months reached 395.9 L.t^-1 for A. melanoxylon, 348.7 L.t^-1 for E. camaldulensis, and 363.9 L t^-1 for E. nitens. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in polysaccharides yield between species and time. On the other hand, significant differences were found between environments. In conclusion, this study has shown that the choice of SRWC species used as a source of polysaccharides must take into account the percentage content in biomass and, crucially, the species, planting density, harvest cycle and site must be carefully selected to ensure a high biomass yield per unit area.

Keywords:
Bioenergy; Bioethanol; Short rotation crops; Acacia sp.; Eucalyptus spp

UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras Universidade Federal de Lavras - Departamento de Ciências Florestais - Cx. P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras - MG Brasil, Tel.: (55 35) 3829-1706, Fax: (55 35) 3829-1411 - Lavras - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cerne@dcf.ufla.br

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Biomass	% dry basis				% dry wood basis
Biomass	Glucans	Hemicelluloses	Acethyl	Lignin	Acetone-ethanol extractives	Ash	Solid yield	Glucose Yield EH 48 h	Ethanol Yield SSF 72 h
E. globulus	39.8±0.3	16.5±0.5	3.7±0.2	25.5±0.06	1.9±0,05	2.0±0.0	-	-	-
E. globulus ¹	54.0±0.3	3.7±0.0	-	35.5±0.3	-	-	71.1	80.8±0.4	88.1±0.4
E. globulus ²	54.1±0.5	5.1±0.0	-	32.4±0.2	-	-	73.8	82.4±0.6	87.5±0.6
E. globulus ³	54.1±0.3	4.4±0.1	-	35.6±0.3	-	-	68.4	83.9±0.4	85.1±0.4

Month	Species	Density	Percentage					% p/p theoretical bioethanol 90% efficiency
Month	Species	Density	Extractable		Total lignin		Glucan		Polyoses*		Acetyl
11	A. melanoxylon	5,000	5.88	±0.89	26.35	±0.60	41.75	±2.30	15.90	±2.40	3.80	±0.00	21.29	±1.30
11	A. melanoxylon	7,500	6.70	±0.49	27.65	±0.83	39.87	±0.99	15.47	±3.00	3.50	±3.23	20.33	±0.56
11	A. melanoxylon	10,000	6.09	±0.16	25.97	±1.03	38.73	±4.33	15.07	±2.77	2.07	±5.67	19.75	±2.46
11	E. camaldulensis	5,000	5.62	±0.55	26.95	±0.47	36.40	±3.50	17.13	±1.73	3.80	±4.37	18.56	±1.98
11	E. camaldulensis	7,500	4.52	±0.24	28.03	±0.52	36.87	±2.12	13.77	±3.20	3.13	±2.63	18.80	±1.20
11	E. camaldulensis	10,000	5.12	±0.41	26.90	±0.63	38.70	±1.27	16.37	±7.20	2.00	±3.40	19.74	±0.72
11	E. nitens	5,000	7.87	±0.62	26.60	±0.20	34.60	±3.70	18.43	±2.57	3.53	±4.30	17.65	±2.10
11	E. nitens	7,500	7.95	±0.65	26.95	±0.67	30.73	±3.43	17.63	±5.63	2.47	±0.73	15.67	±1.95
11	E. nitens	10,000	7.71	±0.64	26.60	±0.45	32.90	±2.35	18.90	±3.55	4.35	±3.95	16.78	±1.33
23	A. melanoxylon	5,000	4.15	±0.64	21.43	±2.63	38.20	±6.33	22.80	±6.43	3.47	±4.63	19.48	±3.59
23	A. melanoxylon	7,500	4.10	±0.44	21.37	±2.00	39.40	±2.60	24.33	±3.43	3.50	±2.90	20.09	±1.47
23	A. melanoxylon	10,000	4.55	±0.35	22.07	±1.33	38.70	±1.07	23.23	±0.97	3.47	±2.07	19.74	±0.60
23	E. camaldulensis	5,000	4.25	±0.21	26.07	±1.77	37.50	±1.10	23.13	±1.70	3.10	±1.63	19.13	±0.62
23	E. camaldulensis	7,500	5.03	±0.50	25.70	±2.37	40.00	±1.23	23.27	±1.23	3.20	±1.47	20.40	±0.70
23	E. camaldulensis	10,000	4.10	±0.14	26.43	±1.40	38.80	±0.67	25.43	±0.80	3.30	±0.83	19.79	±0.38
23	E. nitens	5,000	3.27	±0.50	26.00	±1.73	37.80	±0.57	28.83	±2.20	3.97	±0.83	19.28	±0.32
23	E. nitens	7,500	2.25	±0.21	25.70	±2.43	36.87	±1.67	29.30	±1.33	4.20	±2.10	18.80	±0.94
23	E. nitens	10,000	2.90	±0.57	25.93	±2.37	36.90	±1.30	29.57	±6.87	4.00	±2.53	18.82	±0.74
36	A. melanoxylon	5,000	5.30	±0.71	22.33	±1.90	39.67	±1.10	18.87	±4.28	3.53	±4.83	20.23	±0.62
36	A. melanoxylon	7,500	5.30	±0.57	20.73	±1.63	42.30	±1.60	17.40	±4.70	3.33	±3.90	21.57	±0.91
36	A. melanoxylon	10,000	5.84	±0.83	21.73	±0.83	39.57	±1.20	18.67	±6.45	3.47	±4.87	20.18	±0.68
36	E. camaldulensis	5,000	6.55	±0.92	27.03	±2.50	38.87	±0.70	15.57	±4.47	4.17	±2.03	19.82	±0.40
36	E. camaldulensis	7,500	6.00	±0.53	28.20	±0.77	37.77	±0.90	15.57	±5.27	3.03	±2.13	19.26	±0.51
36	E. camaldulensis	10,000	6.20	±0.85	26.80	±2.60	38.30	±0.27	15.50	±2.90	3.53	±0.70	19.53	±0.15
36	E. nitens	5,000	7.00	±0.36	26.53	±1.40	37.83	±1.17	20.17	±5.92	5.30	±5.17	19.30	±0.66
36	E. nitens	7,500	4.57	±0.47	28.27	±0.47	36.37	±0.60	19.60	±3.92	4.93	±1.53	18.55	±0.34
36	E. nitens	10,000	5.65	±0.84	25.87	±1.43	35.50	±3.03	21.03	±4.20	5.03	±5.13	18.11	±1.72
48	A. melanoxylon	5,000	5.65	±0.36	23.62	±1.13	41.35	±0.47	19.16	±1.01	3.93	±1.35	21.09	±0.27
48	A. melanoxylon	7,500	5.78	±0.68	23.74	±3.24	44.04	±3.80	19.32	±2.37	3.72	±2.94	22.46	±2.16
48	A. melanoxylon	10,000	5.98	±0.79	20.88	±1.13	42.84	±1.44	17.60	±1.85	3.50	±2.11	21.85	±0.82
48	E. camaldulensis	5,000	6.76	±0.83	31.57	±1.35	41.90	±1.35	15.74	±2.85	3.36	±5.37	21.37	±0.76
48	E. camaldulensis	7,500	6.45	±0.73	28.78	±1.98	42.68	±1.32	15.51	±3.74	3.13	±7.70	21.77	±0.75
48	E. camaldulensis	10,000	6.15	±0.75	30.36	±1.43	37.16	±2.06	16.73	±2.88	3.58	±4.51	18.95	±1.17
48	E. nitens	5,000	6.33	±0.66	26.76	±0.96	40.78	±2.64	19.60	±3.45	4.43	±4.92	20.80	±1.50
48	E. nitens	7,500	5.74	±0.46	29.39	±1.23	38.43	±0.82	18.36	±2.04	2.85	±6.14	19.60	±0.47
48	E. nitens	10,000	5.78	±0.56	27.52	±1.38	37.79	±2.74	19.38	±2.81	4.45	±5.00	19.27	±1.55

Month	Species	Density	Percentage					% p/p theoretical bioethanol 90% efficiency
Month	Species	Density	Extractable			Total lignin			Glucan		Polyoses*			Acetyl
11	A. melanoxylon	5,000	6.54	±0.23	28.15	±0.95	31.6	±1.30	16.85	±3.80	3.84	±5.85	16.12	±0.74
11	A. melanoxylon	7,500	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00
11	A. melanoxylon	10,000	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00	0	±0.00
11	E. globulus	5,000	4.60	±0.44	27.70	±0.77	28.47	±0.67	17.13	±2.23	3.74	±3.33	14.52	±0.38
11	E. globulus	7,500	5.10	±0.20	27.80	±1.03	27.53	±0.67	17.97	±1.97	3.79	±2.40	14.04	±0.38
11	E. globulus	10,000	5.25	±0.07	27.55	±1.65	29.70	±1.30	17.35	±1.15	3.76	±3.15	15.15	±0.74
11	E. nitens	5,000	5.80	±0.2	29.67	±0.42	25.87	±1.87	17.40	±1.33	3.65	±2.07	13.19	±1.06
11	E. nitens	7,500	5.55	±0.64	29.67	±1.50	25.17	±1.57	17.67	±0.60	3.74	±4.47	12.84	±0.89
11	E. nitens	10,000	6.10	±0.28	28.67	±1.10	27.03	±1.37	17.20	±0.77	3.83	±1.95	13.79	±0.77
23	A. melanoxylon	5,000	4.45	±0.21	22.13	±1.27	38.17	±1.00	23.07	±0.87	3.50	±1.10	19.47	±0.57
23	A. melanoxylon	7,500	4.75	±0.64	22.30	±2.43	37.67	±0.80	20.57	±1.83	3.53	±1.70	19.21	±0.45
23	A. melanoxylon	10,000	3.95	±1.06	21.80	±2.23	42.87	±1.43	22.03	±1.83	3.50	±1.63	21.86	±0.81
23	E. globulus	5,000	3.90	±0.36	26.00	±1.47	35.70	±0.83	23.03	±2.47	4.07	±3.27	18.21	±0.47
23	E. globulus	7,500	5.33	±0.67	26.10	±1.77	31.80	±1.90	20.83	±1.87	3.97	±1.70	16.22	±1.08
23	E. globulus	10,000	3.21	±0.23	26.87	±1.30	32.93	±1.40	19.90	±3.10	4.20	±1.43	16.80	±0.79
23	E. nitens	5,000	3.40	±0.46	27.10	±1.40	37.23	±0.40	25.03	±2.47	4.13	±1.60	18.99	±0.23
23	E. nitens	7,500	3.37	±0.59	26.37	±1.43	35.90	±0.47	22.50	±1.57	4.10	±1.33	18.31	±0.26
23	E. nitens	10,000	5.20	±0.99	26.43	±1.77	32.70	±0.83	22.10	±2.10	4.30	±3.30	16.68	±0.47
36	A. melanoxylon	5,000	7.70	±0.28	21.17	±1.83	36.93	±1.13	17.40	±2.40	3.37	±3.13	18.84	±0.64
36	A. melanoxylon	7,500	6.25	±0.64	21.67	±2.43	37.20	±0.57	18.23	±2.52	3.50	±1.03	18.97	±0.32
36	A. melanoxylon	10,000	7.80	±0.84	21.37	±2.47	34.33	±1.50	18.00	±3.70	3.30	±4.03	17.51	±0.85
36	E. globulus	5,000	5.50	±0.99	28.33	±1.03	35.53	±1.73	19.10	±2.90	4.33	±3.63	18.12	±0.98
36	E. globulus	7,500	5.65	±0.49	28.70	±1.20	36.43	±0.90	19.27	±5.15	4.00	±5.80	18.58	±0.51
36	E. globulus	10,000	4.15	±0.28	26.33	±1.60	38.57	±1.27	19.00	±2.92	5.43	±6.47	19.67	±0.72
36	E. nitens	5,000	5.20	±0.23	27.50	±2.13	36.03	±0.93	19.87	±3.57	5.70	±3.90	18.38	±0.53
36	E. nitens	7,500	4.70	±0.47	29.33	±1.07	36.40	±1.60	19.53	±4.48	5.50	±6.87	18.56	±0.91
36	E. nitens	10,000	4.85	±0.21	25.60	±1.73	36.63	±0.53	20.57	±3.88	5.77	±6.53	18.68	±0.30
48	A. melanoxylon	5,000	6.70	±0.38	22.89	±0.81	39.53	±1.23	19.12	±1.15	3.64	±1.80	20.16	±0.70
48	A. melanoxylon	7,500	6.35	±0.54	24.43	±2.32	39.53	±0.92	19.14	±0.94	3.69	±2.63	20.16	±0.52
48	A. melanoxylon	10,000	5.80	±0.68	22.97	±1.47	39.62	±3.48	18.94	±0.69	3.63	±1.75	20.20	±1.97
48	E. globulus	5,000	5.45	±0.65	28.44	±1.34	34.90	±1.89	17.45	±1.87	3.63	±3.07	17.80	±1.07
48	E. globulus	7,500	5.85	±0.78	29.23	±0.80	35.30	±0.88	17.64	±1.05	3.77	±3.11	18.00	±0.50
48	E. globulus	10,000	5.15	±0.56	28.74	±1.44	36.01	±0.28	18.39	±0.84	3.91	±0.60	18.36	±0.16
48	E. nitens	5,000	5.44	±0.33	29.56	±1.84	35.21	±0.71	18.36	±0.80	4.13	±2.12	17.96	±0.40
48	E. nitens	7,500	4.89	±0.39	28.01	±1.71	35.26	±0.96	17.70	±1.59	3.90	±1.46	17.98	±0.54
48	E. nitens	10,000	4.44	±0.35	29.40	±0.59	34.28	±2.58	18.15	±2.08	3.95	±3.24	17.48	±1.46

Environment/effect	Number DF	Density DF	Pr > F
Environment/effect	Number DF	Density DF	Extractable	Total lignin	Glucan	Polyoses	Acetyl
Llohué:
Species	2	69	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0206	<0.0001	<0.0001
Density	2	69	0.1457	0.1670	0.1630	0.3376	0.1685
Time	3	69	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0485	<0.0001
Species × Density	4	69	0.5808	0.3988	0.2076	0.5010	0.3917
Species × Time	6	69	<0.0001	0.0723	0.0022	0.2099	0.0699
Density × Time	6	69	0.4603	0.3064	0.4343	0.6304	0.3155
Species × Density × Time	12	69	0.1812	0.8048	0.5687	0.6765	0.8134
Santa Rosa:
Species	2	63	0.0839	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.1725	<0.0001
Density	2	63	0.4099	0.1066	0.3650	0.9179	0.3300
Time	3	63	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0075
Species × Density	4	63	0.0099	0.9469	0.4828	0.8638	0.2866
Species × Time	6	63	<0.0001	0.0332	0.0005	0.0015	<0.0001
Density × Time	6	63	0.8308	0.4920	0.4018	0.1765	0.9777
Species × Density × Time	10	63	0.1264	0.6793	0.2797	0.7854	0.9535