Proportional Method106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
|
It consists in detecting the proportion of resistant strains
present in a sample of M. tuberculosis tested with a drug concentration that
is able to inhibit the growth of susceptible cells, but not of resistant
cells. It is a sensible and cost-effective methodology, however, the results
are only available after 60 days |
BACTEC 460106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
,
108108 Garrigó M, Aragón LM, Alcaide F, Borrell S, Cardeñosa E, Galán JJ, et
al. Multicenter laboratory evaluation of the MB/BacT Mycobacterium detection system
and the BACTEC MGIT 960 system in comparison with the BACTEC 460TB system for
susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol.
2007;45:1766-70.
|
The device detects radioactive CO2 released from the use of
C14 palmitic acid, present in the liquid culture medium based on Agar,
consumed by mycobacteria. It is a sensitive methodology and provides results
within 14 days, however it is costly, and uses radioactive material, which
is difficult to discard. It has 95 to 97% agreement rate with the
proportional method |
BACTEC-MGIT 96011 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde.
Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Manual de recomendações para o controle da
tuberculose no Brasil. (Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance.
Department of Epidemiological Surveillance. Guide: recommendations for tuberculosis
control in Brazil) Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011. 284 p.
,
106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
,
109109 Rudeeaneksin J, Bunchoo S, Srisungngam S, Sawanpanyalert P, Chamnangrom
S, Kamolwat A, et al. Rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BACTEC
MGIT960 cultures by in-house loop-medicated isothermal amplification. Jpn J Infect
Dis. 2012;65:306-11.
,
110110 Fonseca Lde S, Vieira GB, Sobral LF, Ribeiro EO, Marsico AG. Comparative
evaluation under routine conditions of the nitrate reduction assay, the proportion
assay and the MGIT 960 assay for drug susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012;107:142-4.
|
The device does not use radioactive material because the
agar-based culture medium is composed of fluorescent material. Microorganism
growth is visualized by spectropho-tometry. It has similar performance to
that of proportional method with an average detection time of seven days. In
Brazil, it is considered the gold standard. It is validated and approved by
ANVISA for the following drugs: streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and
ethambutol. |
MODS (Microscopic Observation Broth Drug Susceptibility
Assay)11 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde.
Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Manual de recomendações para o controle da
tuberculose no Brasil. (Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance.
Department of Epidemiological Surveillance. Guide: recommendations for tuberculosis
control in Brazil) Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011. 284 p.
,
106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
,
111111 Coelho AG, Zamarioli LA, Reis CM, Duca BF. Detection of cord factor for
the presumptive identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Bras Pneumol.
2007;33:707-11.
|
The MODS technique permits, after eight days, the
visualization of the cord factor, formed by growing mycobacteria and seen in
an inverted light with darkfield filter microscopy. Because of the trehalose
dimycolate glycolipid present in the bacterial cell walls, the growth of M.
tuberculosis complex in microscopic serpentine cords, called cord factor or
cord growth, in which acid-fast bacilli (AFB) are arranged in parallel
chains, can be seen in appropriate conditions in virulent strains of TB
bacillus. It has sensitivity and specificity similar to those of traditional
methods of culture. |
D29-PhaB Assay106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
|
It is based on the ability of the mycobacteriophage of
infecting the cells when the myco-bacterium is drug-resistant. When the
phage infects the cells, it can lyse the cell wall thus detecting
resistance. |
E-Test11 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde.
Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Manual de recomendações para o controle da
tuberculose no Brasil. (Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance.
Department of Epidemiological Surveillance. Guide: recommendations for tuberculosis
control in Brazil) Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011. 284 p.
,
106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
,
112112 Coban AY, Bilgin K, Uzun M, Akgunes A, Yusof A, Durupinar B. Comparative
Study for Determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Susceptibility to First- and
Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs by the Etest Using 7H11, Blood, and Chocolate
Agar. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:4095-8.
|
It is a quantitative sensitivity test, and results can be
obtained from five to ten days following the growth of M. tuberculosis in
culture medium. It has high concordance rates, for the detection of
multidrug-resistant strains, when compared with the proportional method.
Because it is inexpensive, it can be an option for the rapid diagnosis of
myco-bacterial resistance in developing countries. |
Genotypic Methods
|
|
Sequencing106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
|
It analyzes all nucleotide from a specific DNA region chosen
on the genome. It allows the identification of mutations in the resistant
strain, which may be related to resistance to certain drugs. It is
considered the gold standard when it comes to diagnosis by molecular biology
techniques. |
PCR-SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism)11 Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde.
Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Manual de recomendações para o controle da
tuberculose no Brasil. (Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance.
Department of Epidemiological Surveillance. Guide: recommendations for tuberculosis
control in Brazil) Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011. 284 p.
,
106106 Rodrigues VFS. Caracterização de mutações associadas com a resistência à
pirazinamida e etambutol em isolados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Characterization
of mutations associated with pyrazinamide and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis isolates). [Tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul; 2005. 121 p.
,
113113 Singh S, Saluja TP, Kaur M, Khilnani GC. Comparative evaluation of FAST
Plaque assay with PCR and other conventional in vitro diagnostic methods for the
early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Clin Lab Anal.
2008;22:367-74.
|
It uses the analysis of the amplification product obtained
from the DNA target region in the mycobacterial genome. It permits the
identification of alterations in amplified geno-mic regions. It is a fast
method (24 hours). |