Psoriasis in obesity: comparison of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese subjects - cases and controls

Bavoso, Nádia Couto; Pinto, Jackson Machado; Soares, Maria Marta Sarquis; Diniz, Michelle dos Santos; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197716

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Investigation • An. Bras. Dermatol. 94 (2) • Mar-Apr 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197716 copy

Psoriasis in obesity: comparison of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese subjects - cases and controls^* * Work conducted at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Psoriasis and obesity are somewhat related to a low-grade systemic inflammatory response.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine leptin and adiponectin levels in psoriasis patients compared to control patients matched for weight.

METHODS:

A case-control study was performed, evaluating 113 psoriasis patients and 41 controls with other dermatologic diseases.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of obesity was 33% in cases and 21.9% in controls. All evaluated comorbidities were more prevalent among cases. When stratified by weight, the comorbidities were more frequent in overweight patients. We found no correlation between being overweight (p=0.25), leptin (p=0.18) or adiponectin (p=0.762) levels and psoriasis severity. When overweight cases and controls were compared, we found differences in the adiponectin values (p= 0.04). The overweight cases had lower adiponectin levels than the overweight controls. We found no differences in the leptin dosage between cases and controls. The overweight cases had higher leptin values than the normal weight cases (p<0.001).

STUDY LIMITATIONS:

Several patients used systemic anti-inflammatory medication.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of obesity among psoriasis cases (33%) was higher than in the general population (17.4%). We did not find any correlation between severity of psoriasis and inflammatory cytokines and the condition of being overweight. The overweight cases had lower values of adiponectin than the overweight controls. It seems, therefore, that there is a relationship between adiponectin and psoriasis, but this relationship depends on the presence of obesity.

Keywords:
Adiponectin; Leptin; Obesity; Psoriasis

	Cases (n = 113)	Controls (n = 41)	P value
Sex
Male	49 (43.4%)	22 (53.7%)	0.257^* * Chi-squared test
Female	64 (56.6%)	19 (46.3%)	0.257^* * Chi-squared test
Excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)
No	43 (38.4%)	11 (26.8%)	0.185^* * Chi-squared test
Yes	69 (61.6%)	30 (73.2%)	0.185^* * Chi-squared test
Comorbidities
SAH
No	58 (51.3%)	30 (73.2%)	0.015^* * Chi-squared test
Yes	55 (48.7%)	11 (26.8%)	0.015^* * Chi-squared test
DM
No	91 (80.5%)	40 (97.6%)	0.009^* * Chi-squared test
Yes	22 (19.5%)	1 (2.4%)	0.009^* * Chi-squared test
Dyslipidemia
No	85 (75.2%)	40 (97.6%)	0.002^* * Chi-squared test
Yes	28 (24.8%)	1 (2.4%)	0.002^* * Chi-squared test

Cases		Diagnosis time	PASI	BSA	DLQI
Without excess weight (BMI < 25 kg/m²)	n	43	43	43	53
	Mean	13.3	5.1	11.4	3.8
	Standard deviation	10.5	9.0	20.5	4.6
	50^th Percentile	10.0	2.4	4.0	2.0
With excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)	n	69	69	69	98
	Mean	10.7	4.8	10.6	4.1
	Standard deviation	8.7	6.0	14.8	4.9
	50^th Percentile	10.0	3.1	5.0	3.0
	P-value^* ***** Mann-Whitney test	0.287	0.250	0.500	0.434

Cases x controls		Adiponectin (pg/mL)	Leptin (pg/mL)
Excess-weight controls (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)	n	29	29
	Mean	45034.7	1693.78
	Standard deviation	4708.4	469.56
	50^th Percentile	43963.2	1896.8
Excess-weight cases (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)	n	68	68
	Mean	43041.5	1863.5
	Standard deviation	5027.6	362
	50^th Percentile	42992.0	1930.5
P-value		0.04	0.11

Cases		Adiponectin (pg/mL)	Leptin (pg/mL)
Without excess weight (BMI < 25 kg/m²)	n	42	42
	Mean	44089.0	1466.6
	Standard deviation	6837.9	625.9
	50^th Percentile	43891.7	1745.6
With excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²)	n	68	68
	Mean	43041.5	1863.5
	Standard deviation	5027.6	362.0
	50^th Percentile	42992.0	1930.5
P-value^* ***** Mann-Whitney test		0.433	<0.001

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E-mail: revista@sbd.org.br

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[1] Mailing Address: Nádia Couto Bavoso. E-mail: nadiabavoso@hotmail.com

With current treatment
	PASI	Adiponectin	Leptin
PASI	1
Adiponectin	50 0.0235^* * Spearman's correlation 0.8715	1
Leptin	50 -0.2241^* * Spearman's correlation 0.1176	50 -0.2075^* * Spearman's correlation 0.1482	1
With current treatment
	PASI	Adiponectin	Leptin
PASI	1
Adiponectin	61 0.0534^* * Spearman's correlation 0.6826	1
Leptin	61 -0.0556^* * Spearman's correlation 0.6706	61 -0.1874^* * Spearman's correlation 0.1482	1
Combined
	PASI	Adiponectin	Leptin
PASI	1
Adiponectin	111 0.0290^* * Spearman's correlation 0.7623	1
Leptin	111 -0.1282^* * Spearman's correlation 0.1800	149 -0.1987^* * Spearman's correlation 0.0151	1

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Psoriasis in obesity: comparison of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese subjects - cases and controls* * Work conducted at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

OBJECTIVES:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

STUDY LIMITATIONS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Psoriasis in obesity: comparison of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese subjects - cases and controls^* * Work conducted at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.