Lupus erythematosus |
SLE: reduced circulating pDCs33 Tomasini D, Mentzel T, Hantschke M, Cerri A, Paredes B, Rütten A, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:1132-9.,1111 McNiff JM, Kaplan DH. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present in cutaneous dermatomyositis lesions in a pattern distinct from lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35:452-6.
12 Rowland SL, Riggs JM, Gilfillan S, Bugatti M, Vermi W, Kolbeck R, et al. Early, transient depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells ameliorates autoimmunity in a lupus model. J Exp Med. 2014;211:1977-91.-1313 Walsh NM, Lai J, Hanly JG, Green PJ, Bosisio F, Garcias-Ladaria J, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus: an objective evaluation of their diagnostic value. J Cutan Pathol. 2015;42:32-8.
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DL: large amounts of IFN-α producing pDCs33 Tomasini D, Mentzel T, Hantschke M, Cerri A, Paredes B, Rütten A, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:1132-9.,1111 McNiff JM, Kaplan DH. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present in cutaneous dermatomyositis lesions in a pattern distinct from lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35:452-6.
12 Rowland SL, Riggs JM, Gilfillan S, Bugatti M, Vermi W, Kolbeck R, et al. Early, transient depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells ameliorates autoimmunity in a lupus model. J Exp Med. 2014;211:1977-91.-1313 Walsh NM, Lai J, Hanly JG, Green PJ, Bosisio F, Garcias-Ladaria J, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus: an objective evaluation of their diagnostic value. J Cutan Pathol. 2015;42:32-8.
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SAL, DL: superficial distribution33 Tomasini D, Mentzel T, Hantschke M, Cerri A, Paredes B, Rütten A, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:1132-9.
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TL, MHR: distribution around deep vessels33 Tomasini D, Mentzel T, Hantschke M, Cerri A, Paredes B, Rütten A, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:1132-9.
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pDCs localized preferably in the epidermis in patients with DM and in the dermis in cases of lupus1111 McNiff JM, Kaplan DH. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present in cutaneous dermatomyositis lesions in a pattern distinct from lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2008;35:452-6.
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Lichen planus |
pDCs arranged similarly to the band-like lymphocytic infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction1616 de Vries HJ, van Marle J, Teunissen MB, Picavet D, Zorgdrager F, Bos JD, et al. Lichen planus is associated with human herpesvirus type 7 replication and infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:361-4.,1717 de Vries HJ, Teunissen MB, Zorgdrager F, Picavet D, Cornelissen M. Lichen planus remission is associated with a decrease of human herpes virus type 7 protein expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Arch Dermatol Res. 2007;299:213-9.
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pDCs increased in oral lichen planus1818 Wang Y, Shang S, Sun Q, Chen J, Du G, Nie H, et al. Increased infiltration of CD11 c+/CD123+ dendritic cell subsets and upregulation of TLR/IFN-α signaling participate in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;125:459-67.
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Lichen striatus |
pDCs present in the inflammatoryinfiltrate |
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Perieccrine distribution of pDCs1919 Badr D, Abadi R, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Type I Interferon Signature in Lichen Striatus. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33:301-6.
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Atopic dermatitis |
Increased circulating pDCs compared to controls |
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Lower recruitment of pDCs in AD lesions compared to other dermatoses, such as lupus erythematosus and psoriasis2020 Novak N, Bieber T. The role of dendritic cell subtypes in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(2 Suppl 2):S171-6.,2121 Wollenberg A, Wagner M, Günther S, Towarowski A, Tuma E, Moderer M, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: a new cutaneous dendritic cell subset with distinct role in inflammatory skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119:1096-102.
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Polymorphic light eruption |
Wackernagel et al.:2222 Wackernagel A, Massone C, Hoefler G, Steinbauer E, Kerl H, Wolf P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are absent in skin lesions of polymorphic light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2007;23:24-8. absent pDCs |
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Rossi et al.:2323 Rossi MT, Arisi M, Lonardi S, Lorenzi L, Ungari M, Serana F, et al. Cutaneous infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and T regulatory cells in skin lesions of polymorphic light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32:985-91. increased pDCs in PLE lesions, mainly dermal. The authors attribute the difference to the methodology witch included of a photoprovocation testing. |
Psoriasis |
pDCs present in the T lymphocyte infiltrate in the dermis of psoriatic plaques and in the perilesional skin2424 Nestle FO, Conrad C, Tun-Kyi A, Homey B, Gombert M, Boyman O, et al. Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production. J Exp Med. 2005;202:135-43.
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Reduction of pDCs in the peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis2424 Nestle FO, Conrad C, Tun-Kyi A, Homey B, Gombert M, Boyman O, et al. Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production. J Exp Med. 2005;202:135-43.
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Heliotherapy: reduction of pDCs amount and MxA expression2525 Heier I, Søyland E, Krogstad AL, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Nenseter MS, Jahnsen FL. Sun exposure rapidly reduces plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inflammatory dermal dendritic cells in psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165:792-801.
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Strong chemerin expression and presence of pDCs in the perilesional skin dermis2626 Albanesi C, Scarponi C, Pallotta S, Daniele R, Bosisio D, Madonna S, et al. Chemerin expression marks early psoriatic skin lesions and correlates with plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment. J Exp Med. 2009;206:249-58.
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Pityriasis lichenoides |
Strong MxA expression in PL lesions (local production of type 1 IFN)2727 Wenzel J, Gütgemann I, Distelmaier M, Uerlich M, Mikus S, Bieber T, et al. The role of cytotoxic skin-homing CD8+ lymphocytes in cutaneous cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma and pityriasis lichenoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:422-7.,2828 Haller O, Kochs G. Human MxA protein: an interferon- induced dynamin-like GTPase with broad antiviral activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011;31:79-87.
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Presence of pDCs on the skin in all cases (PLEVA and PLC)2929 Karouni M, Rahal JA, Kurban M, Kibbi AG, Abbas O. Possible role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in pityriasis lichenoides. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2018;43:404-9.
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Graft vs. host disease |
Presence of pDCs in skin fragments of patients with acute GVHD, strong expression of MxA, signaling local production of type 1 IFN3030 Malard F, Bossard C, Brissot E, Chevallier P, Guillaume T, Delaunay J, et al. Increased plasmacytoid dendritic cells and RORγt-expressing immune effectors in cutaneous acute graft-versus-host disease. J Leukoc Biol. 2013;94:1337-43.
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Reduction of serum pDCs in patients with acute GVHD3131 Mohty M, Blaise D, Faucher C, Bardou VJ, Gastaut JA, Viens P, et al. Impact of plasmacytoid dendritic cells on outcome after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia. 2005;19:1-6.
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Presence of CD123+ cells in the oral mucosa of patients with chronic GVHD was not superior3232 Botari CM, Nunes AJ, Souza MP, Orti-Raduan ES, Salvio AG. Oral chronic graft-versus-host disease: analysis of dendritic cells subpopulations. An Bras Dermatol. 2014;89:632-7.
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Warts |
Saadeh et al.:3333 Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I interferon in the immunological response against warts. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017;42:857-62. activated pDCs in inflamed viral warts, contrary to what was found by Tomasini et al.33 Tomasini D, Mentzel T, Hantschke M, Cerri A, Paredes B, Rütten A, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: an overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Cutan Pathol. 2010;37:1132-9. (possible differences in histologic criteria for inflamed warts). |
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Reduction in pDCs in peripheral blood and in skin lesions, absence of type 1 IFN production (MxA without expression) in patients with WHIM syndrome3434 Tassone L, Moratto D, Vermi W, De Francesco M, Notarangelo LD, Porta F, et al. Defect of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome patients. Blood. 2010;116:4870-3.
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Fungal diseases |
pDCs found in 37% of the skin fragments of patients with CBM and in 50% of the specimens from patients with PCM, but absent in cases of lobomycosis3535 Pagliari C, Kanashiro-Galo L, Silva AA, Barboza TC, Criado PR, Duarte MI, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in cutaneous lesions of patients with chromoblastomycosis, lacaziosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis: a comparative analysis. Med Mycol. 2014;52:397-402.
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Leprosy |
Massone et al.:3636 Massone C, Nunzi E, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Talhari C, Talhari S, Schettini AP, et al. T regulatory cells and plasmocytoid dendritic cells in Hansen disease: a new insight into pathogenesis?. Am J Dermatopathol. 2010;32:251-6. absence of CD123 expression, except for focal expression in two cases of erythema nodosum leprosum |
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Hirai et al.:3737 Hirai KE, Aarão TL, Silva LM, de Sousa JR, de Souza J, Dias LB, et al. Langerhans cells (CD1a and CD207), dermal dendrocytes (FXIIIa) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD123) in skin lesions of leprosy patients. Microb Pathog. 2016;91:18-25. pDCs in the inflammatory infiltrate and around the vessels. Higher number of pDCs in tuberculoid cases compared to virchowian cases. |
Skin tumors |
Keratoacanthoma: presence of pDCs in 100% of cases3838 Abbas O, Hussein L, Kurban M, Kibbi AG. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell involvement in the host response against keratoacanthoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70:1142-5.
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SCC: presence of pDCs in 90% of cases3838 Abbas O, Hussein L, Kurban M, Kibbi AG. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell involvement in the host response against keratoacanthoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70:1142-5.
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AK: correlation between the amount of pDCs recruited in the lesions during treatment with imiquimod and the therapeutic effect of the drug4040 Ogawa Y, Kawamura T, Matsuzawa T, Aoki R, Shimada S. Recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to skin regulates treatment responsiveness of actinic keratosis to imiquimod. J Dermatol Sci. 2014;76:67-9.
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BCC: presence of activated pDCs producing IFN-α in the peritumoral infiltrate during treatment with imiquimod4141 Stary G, Bangert C, Tauber M, Strohal R, Kopp T, Stingl G. Tumoricidal activity of TLR7/8-activated inflammatory dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2007;204:1441-51.
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Melanoma: pDCs arranged around the vessels and close to the tumor cells, but not activated. Presence associated with tumor growth. pDCs activated in cases of regressive melanoma4242 Di Domizio J, Demaria O, Gilliet M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in melanoma: can we revert bad into good?. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134:1797-800.
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KS: pDCs present in 90% of cases, but reduced expression of MxA (possible suppression of pDCs by KSHV)4343 Karouni M, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in skin lesions of classic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016;308:487-92.
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