Anodization |
- |
MG-63 |
Contact angle, atomic force microscopy, in vitro assay |
Hydrophilicity; cells exhibit rounded morphology with small filopodia on the surface; high adhesion of MG-63 cells to TiO2 nanotubes |
185
185 M. Fathi, B. Akbari, A. Taheriazam, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 103 (2019) 109743.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
MC3T3 |
Contact angle, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity |
Hydrophilicity; after 7 days of culture, ALP of MC3T3 grown in different samples exceeded the Ti substrate |
17
17 G. Wang, Y. Wan, B. Ren, Z. Liu, Mater. Sci. Eng . C 95 (2019) 114.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
G8080 |
Contact angle, cell proliferation |
Hydrophilicity, with cells favoring cell proliferation |
186
186 M.F. Dias-Netipanyj, K. Cowden, L.S. Santos, S.C. Cogo, S. Elifio-Esposito, K.C. Popat, P. Soares, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 103 (2019) 109850.
|
Anodization |
Anatase + rutile |
G8080 |
Contact angle, cell proliferation |
TiO2 nanotubes less hydrophilic, with more stimulated proliferation, compared to that containing only anatase phase |
186
186 M.F. Dias-Netipanyj, K. Cowden, L.S. Santos, S.C. Cogo, S. Elifio-Esposito, K.C. Popat, P. Soares, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 103 (2019) 109850.
|
Anodization |
- |
MC3T3-E1 |
Contact angle, atomic force microscopy, in vivo
|
Hydrophilicity; surface grown osteoblastic cells exhibit a well-distributed cytoskeleton organization; in vivo tests indicate that the anodized surface of the implant promotes osseointegration and greater bone binding strength than pure Ti substrate |
187
187 Y. Li, Y. You, B. Li, Y. Song, A. Ma, B. Chen, W. Han, C. Li, J. Hard Tissue Biol. 28 (2019) 13.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
hBMSCs |
Contact angle, immersion in SBF, in vitro assay |
Hydrophilicity; formation of hydroxyapatite after 21 days in simulated body fluid (SBF) |
188
188 W.-E. Yang, H.-H. Huang, Appl. Surf. Sci . 471 (2019) 1041.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
- |
Contact angle |
Hydrophilicity |
189
189 P. Agilan, N. Rajendran, Appl. Surf. Sci . 439 (2018) 66.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
MC3T3-E1 |
Contact angle, atomic force microscopy, immersion in SBF |
Hydrophilicity; formation of hydroxyapatite after 12 days in SBF |
190
190 D.P. Bhattarai, S. Shrestha, B.K. Shrestha, C.H. Park, C.S. Kim, Chem. Eng. J. 350 (2018) 57.
|
Anodization |
Anatase + rutile |
SAOS-2 |
Contact angle, cell proliferation, fluorescence microscopy |
Hydrophilicity; cells adhere to all the surfaces; seeded osteoblasts promote adhesion |
191
191 R. Aguirre, M. Echeverry Rendón, D. Quintero, J.G. Castaño, M.C. Harmsen, S. Robledo, F. Echeverría E., J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 106 (2018) 1341.
|
Anodization |
Anatase + rutile |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 7 and 14 days in SBF |
144
144 F. Nasirpouri, I. Yousefi, E. Moslehifard, J. Khalil-Allafi, Surf. Coat. Technol . 315 (2017) 163.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
G-292 |
Scanning electron microscopy, immersion in SBF |
Cells attached to the surface of nanotubes became increasingly elongated and formed filopodia; formation of hydroxyapatite after 5 and 10 days in SBF |
192
192 N. Khoshnood, A. Zamanian, A. Massoudi , Mater. Lett . 185 (2016) 374.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
MC3T3-E1 |
Immersion in SBF, in vitro assay |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 3 days in SBF, with size increasing as a function of immersion time |
193
193 Y. Bai, I.S. Park, H.H. Park, M.H. Lee, T.S. Bae, W. Duncan, M. Swain, Surf. Interface Anal. 43 (2011) 998.
|
Anodization |
Anatase + rutile |
MC3T3-E1 |
Immersion in SBF, in vitro assay |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 3 days in SBF; a greater amount of hydroxyapatite was formed in the synthesized sample containing the anatase and rutile mixture than in the sample containing only anatase |
193
193 Y. Bai, I.S. Park, H.H. Park, M.H. Lee, T.S. Bae, W. Duncan, M. Swain, Surf. Interface Anal. 43 (2011) 998.
|
Anodization |
Anatase + rutile |
MC3T3-E1 |
Atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, Alizarin Red staining protocol
|
Cells grown on nanotubes disperse better and put forth more filopodia than smooth layers; cytoskeleton of osteoblasts grown on anatase display a regular arrangement |
149
149 W. Yu, Y. Zhang , X. Jiang, F. Zhang , Oral Dis. 16 (2010) 624.
|
Anodization |
- |
HSCs |
Scanning electron microscopy, cell proliferation |
Cells normally disperse on nanotubes, forming several filopodia |
194
194 J. Park , S. Bauer , K.A. Schlegel, F.W. Neukam, K. Von Der Mark , P. Schmuki , Small 5 (2009) 666.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
MC3T3-E1 |
Atomic force microscopy, contact angle, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity |
Osteoblasts grown on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes showed several filopodia extending along the main edges; hydrophilicity; extremely elongated cell morphology and high levels of alkaline phosphatase |
174
174 K.S. Brammer , S. Oh, C.J. Cobb, L.M. Bjursten, H. van der Heyde, S. Jin, Acta Biomater . 5 (2009) 3215.
|
Anodization |
Anatase + rutile |
OPC1 |
Atomic force microscopy, contact angle, alkaline phosphatase activity |
Hydrophilicity; filamentous network-like structure with excellent cell to cell connection; ALP in osteoblasts was high after the 5th day of culture |
195
195 K. Das, S. Bose, A. Bandyopadhyay, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 90 (2009) 225.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 2 days in SBF |
196
196 J. Kunze, L. Müller, J.M. Macak , P. Greil, P. Schmuki , F.A. Müller, Electrochim. Acta 53 (2008) 6995.
|
Anodization |
- |
G8080 |
Alkaline phosphatase activity, in vitro assays |
Approximately 50% increase in ALP levels on nanotube surfaces after 3 weeks of culture; TiO2 nanotubes did not cause chronic inflammation or fibrosis under in vivo conditions |
197
197 K.C. Popat , L. Leoni, C.A. Grimes , T.A. Desai, Biomaterials 28 (2007) 3188.
|
Anodization |
Anatase |
MC3T3-E1 |
Alkaline phosphatase activity, environmental scanning electron microscopy |
Cells grown on TiO2 nanotubes presented filopodia; cell growth accelerated by up to 300-400% |
198
198 S. Oh , C. Daraio, L.H. Chen, T.R. Pisanic, R.R. Finones, S. Jin , J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78 (2006) 97.
|
Sol-gel |
Anatase |
- |
Atomic force microscopy |
Ca-doped TiO2 gels showed good adhesion |
199
199 B. Burnat, J. Robak, A. Leniart, I. Piwoński, D. Batory, Ceram. Int . 43 (2017) 13735.
|
Sol-gel |
Anatase |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 28 days in SBF |
200
200 B. Burnat , J. Robak , D. Batory , A. Leniart , I. Piwoński , S. Skrzypek, M. Brycht, Surf. Coat. Technol . 280 (2015) 291.
|
Sol-gel |
Anatase |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 2 days in SBF |
201
201 J. Coreño, A. Martínez , O. Coreño, A. Bolarín, F. Sánchez, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 64 (2003) 131.
|
Sol-gel |
Anatase |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Amount of hydroxyapatite formed after 14 days in SBF was greater in the gels containing only anatase than in those containing anatase and rutile mixture |
202
202 M. Uchida, H.M. Kim, T. Kokubo, S. Fujibayashi, T. Nakamura, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 64 (2003) 164.
|
Sol-gel |
Anatase + rutile |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 14 days in SBF |
202
202 M. Uchida, H.M. Kim, T. Kokubo, S. Fujibayashi, T. Nakamura, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 64 (2003) 164.
|
Sol-gel |
- |
- |
Immersion in SBF |
Formation of hydroxyapatite after 3 to 6 days in SBF |
203
203 T. Peltola, M. Jokinen, H. Rahiala, M. Pätsi, J. Heikkilä, I. Kangasniemi, A. Yli-Urpo, J. Biomed. Mater. Res . 51 (2000) 200.
|