Geochemical mapping of arsenic in surface waters and stream sediments of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

Costa, Raphael de Vicq Ferreira da; Leite, Mariangela Garcia Praça; Mendonça, Fellipe Pinheiro Chagas; Nalini Jr., Hermínio Arias

doi:10.1590/0370-44672015680077

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Geosciences • Rev. Esc. Minas 68 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672015680077 copy

Geochemical mapping of arsenic in surface waters and stream sediments of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil

Mapeamento geoquímico do arsênio em águas superficiais e sedimentos fluviais no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

A regional study on the arsenic concentration in surface waters and stream sediments, with a density of one sample every 13 km², was carried out for the first time in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Brazil). The region was divided into 3^rd order catchment basins, in which 512 areas were sampled. The arsenic concentration was determined in waters and stream sediments after partial digestion with the aid of ICP-OES. The arsenic values found in surface waters ranged from 57.70 to 414 µg.L^-1, while for stream sediments, arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.63 to 1691 mg.kg^-1, and from the 512 sampling points, 135 (26%) had arsenic concentrations above the limit of detection, which was 0.63 mg.kg^-1. It was also found that 106 3rd order catchment basins had values above the third quartile, (5.09 mg.kg^-1). The results show that high concentrations of this element are strongly related to the presence of Nova Lima rocks that contain minerals rich in arsenic. However, the anthropogenic influence in such high concentrations cannot be ruled out, as the region has a history of over 300 years of gold mining.

Geochemical Mapping; Arsenic; Surface water; Stream sediments; Quadrilátero Ferrífero

References	Basin	Number of Sampling Points	As concentration
			Water (μg.l^-1)			Stream	Sediments (mg.kg^-1)
			Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max
*Borba et al.2000*BORBA, R. P., FIGUEIREDO, B. R., RAWLINS, B., MATSCHULLAT, J. Arsenic in Water and Sediment in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Applied Geochemistry, v. 15, n. 2, p. 181-190, 2000.	Velhas River Basin - Nova Lima	11	2	-	160	20	-	2830
	Carmo River Basin - Ouro Preto e Mariana	8		-	30		-	860
	Conceição River Basin -Santa Bárbara	7		-	8		-	135
*Matschullat et al. 2000*MATSCHULLAT, J., BORBA, R. P., DESCHAMPS, E., FIGUEIREDO, B. F., GABRIO, T., SCHWENK, M. Human and environmental contamination in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil. Applied Geochemistry, v. 15, p. 181-190, 2000.	Nova Lima and Santa Bárbara	18 (water) and 15 (stream sediments)	0.4	30.5	350	22	350	3200
*Deschamps et al. 2002*DESCHAMPS, E., CARNEIRO, M. E. D. P., CIMINELLI, V. S. T., PETER, W., RAMOS, A. Arsenic sorption onto soils enriched in Mn and Fe minerals. Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 51, p. 198–205, 2003.	Nova Lima	24	-	-	-	47	-	3300
	Santa Barbara	18	-	-	-	22	-	160
	Mariana	9	-	-	-	22	-	860
*Borba et al.2003*BORBA, R. P., FIGUEIREDO, B. R., MATSCHULLAT, J. Geochemical distribution of arsenic in waters, sediments and weathered gold mineralized rocks from Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil. Environmental Geology, v. 44, n. 1, p. 39-52, 2003.	Velhas River Basin- Nova Lima	9	3	67.2	349	34	583.5	2830
	Carmo River Basin - Ouro Preto and Mariana	8 (water) and 7 (stream sediments)	1.7	116.7	830	105	819.8	4709
	Conceição River Basin-Santa Bárbara	13 (water) and 6 (stream sediments)	1	7.7	74	29.5	73.2	153
*Pimentel et al. 2003*PIMENTEL, H.S., DE LENA, J.C., NALINI JR. H. A. Studies of water quality in the Ouro Preto region, Minas Gerais, Brazil: the release of arsenic to the hydrological system. Environmental Geology, v. 43, p. 725–730, 2003.	Municipalities of Ouro Preto and Mariana	22 (water) and 4 (rocks)	0.05	0.36	2.3	0.11	60	139
*Matschullat et al. 2007*MATSCHULLAT, J., BORBA, R. P., DESCHAMPS, E., FIGUEIREDO, B. F., GABRIO, T., SCHWENK, M. Human and environmental contamination in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil. Applied Geochemistry, v. 15, p. 181-190, 2000.	Nova Lima	69 (water) and 39 (stream sediments)	2.2	49	350	40	140	3300
	Santa Barbara	69 (water) and 39 (stream sediments)	0.4	1.8	3.1	15	47	170
*Parra et al. 2007*PARRA, R.R., ROESER, H. M. P, LEITE, M. G. P, NALINI JR., H. A., GUIMARÃES, A. T. A., PEREIRA, J. C., FRIESE, K. Influência antrópica na geoquímica de água e sedimentos do rio Conceição, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais – Brasil. Geochimica Brasiliensis, v. 21, n. 1, p. 36 – 49, 2007.	Conceição River Basin	25	-	-	-	4.91	51.0	89.0
Varejao et al. 2010	Carmo River Basin - Ouro Preto and Mariana	4	36.7	54.6	68.3	68.8	1773.9	3939

Rocks from the Nova Lima Group	As concentration (mg.kg^-1)
Rocks from the Nova Lima Group	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Q1 (25%)	Median (50%)	Q3 (75%)	Maximum
≤ 20	19.63	24.52	0.63	0.63	5.37	8.71	83.70
20 < x ≤ 30	21.87	29.86	0.63	0.63	5.37	8.71	83.70
30 < x ≤ 40	56.2	87.2	0.63	0.63	13.68	26.82	122.6
40 < x ≤ 50	73.8	116	0.63	3.8	17.60	32.27	374.1
50 < x ≤ 60	79.38	105.6	0.63	5.6	21.46	48.35	374.1
60 < x ≤ 70	90.4	128	3.45	7.1	30.83	62.91	407.4
> 70	179	267	5.87	9.32	90.71	104	1691

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