OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of total and partial remission in the treatment of lupus nephritis at 12 months and 24 months. To compare these subgroups at 12 months and correlate the initial renal variables with the therapeutic response. To analyze and to compare the therapeutic results of the subgroup with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis by clinicopathological correlation ("clinical class IV") with those with biopsy-proven WHO class IV ("histological class IV"). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and nephritis who attended to the department of rheumatology of a tertiary referral center were studied. The length of the follow up was 2 years. Patients with comorbidities that compromise the kidneys had been excluded. The demographic, clinical and laboratory variables and the disease activity index (SLEDAI) were analyzed. Patients with lupus nephritis WHO class III, IV or V received glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide for induction of remission and those with class II received only glucocorticoid. RESULTS: The average age at SLE diagnosis was of 24.71 + 10.14 years, with a predominance of female gender (88%). The initial SLEDAI was 16.09 ± 6.48. At the time of the diagnosis of nephritis, mean serum creatinine was 1.02 ± 0.49 mg/dL, mean 24-hour urinary protein level was of 2.57 ± 2.39g and the antibody anti-dsDNA was found in 66% of the cases. All the patients had received glucocorticoids and 75% had used cyclophosphamide. Fifty-six patients had been submitted to renal biopsy. The most prevalent subtypes were class II and IV (33.9% and 32.2%, respectively). After 12 months, all the patients had significant reduction in the 24-hour urinary protein level, improvement in the urinary sediment and increase in the fractional values of the complement (C3, C4, CH50). The frequency of total remission at 12 months was 72.7% and, at 24 months, 85.7% (p =0.013). Partial remission occurred in 27.3% at 12 months and, in 14.3%, at 24 months. Male gender presented a lower rate of total remission compared with women at 12 months (45.5% versus 81.6%, p = 0.007). Among several factors studied, none was correlated with total or partial remission at 12 months. The subgroup "clinical class IV" presented a higher frequency of total remission than the subgroup "histological class IV". CONCLUSION: Our therapeutic approach achieved an excellent outcome in two years. Correlations between clinical and laboratory variables and total or partial remission were not observed. Male gender presented a lower rate of total remission compared with women. Despite the small number of patients studied and the controversies of renal biopsy, the rate of total remission was higher in patients with "clinical class IV" than in those with "histological class IV".
systemic lupus erythematosus; nephritis; complete remission; renal biopsy
