This is a case report of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in two pairs of brothers followed in the Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Genetic involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis pathogenesis is clear and the risk of recurrence among siblings supports this contribution. An important landmark of this discovery involves the acknowledgment of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism contribution to juvenile idiopathic arthritis development susceptibility. Despite many advances, the numerousavailable studies cannot explain several implicit mechanisms in juvenile idiopathic arthritispathogenesis yet.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Siblings; Children