Giardiasis |
Spontaneous sedimentation; Ritchie's method/cysts and trophozoites search |
Intermittent elimination of parasitic forms may require the collection of stools every seven days; evaluation of duodenal content for search of trophozoites; search for antigen in stools |
Metronidazole 250mg, (orally) PO, bid, for 3 to 5 days; secnidazole 2g, PO, single dose; a lbendazole 400mg, PO, once a day for 5 days; nitazoxanide 500mg, PO, bid for 3 to 7 days. |
Proper cleaning of fruits and vegetables; use of filtered or boiled water; control of mechanical vectors; health education. |
Prophylaxis before the onset of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive or immunobiological drugs with secnidazole, 2g, orally, single dose. Repeat annually if patient's immunosuppression persists and he/she lives in endemic areas |
Amoebiasis |
Spontaneous sedimentation; Ritchie's method/search for cysts and trophozoites. |
Serological methods; search for antigen in stools; ultrasonography in cases of amebic abscess |
Metronidazole 500–750mg, PO, bid for 7–10 days; secnidazole 2g, PO, single dose; tinidazole 2g, PO, for 2 days; nitazoxanide500mg, PO, bid for 3 to 7 days. |
Proper cleaning of fruits and vegetables; use of filtered or boiled water; control of mechanical vectors; health education |
Prophylaxis before the onset of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive or immunobiological drugs with secnidazole, 2g oral, single dose. Repeat annually if patient's immunosuppression persists and he/she lives in endemic areas |
Ascariasis |
Spontaneous sedimentation; Kato-katz method/eggs search |
Elimination of adult worm; eosinophilia |
Albendazol 400mg, PO, single dose; mebendazole 100mg, PO, bid, for 3 days or 500mg, VO, single dose; Nitazoxanide 500mg, PO, bid for 3 to 7 days. |
Health education; sanitation; hands and food washing. |
Prophylaxis before the onset of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive or immunobiological drugs, with albendazole, 400mg orally, a single dose. Repeat annually if the patient's immunosuppression persists and he/she lives in endemic areas |
Ancylostomiasis |
Spontaneous sedimentation; Willis method/eggs search |
Investigate the presence of anemia |
Albendazole 400mg, PO, single dose; mebendazole 100mg, PO, bid, for 3 days or 500mg, PO, single dose; nitazoxanide 500mg, PO, bid for 3 to 7 days |
Health education; sanitation; hands and food washing; use of shoes. |
Prophylaxis before the onset of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive or immunobiological drugs, with albendazole, 400mg orally, a single dose. Repeat annually if the patient's immunosuppression persists and he/she lives in endemic areas |
Strongyloidiasis |
Baermann-Moraes method; Rugai method, Mattos and Brisola- use fresh stools/Search for larvae |
Cases of hyperinfection; larvae are found in body fluids. |
Ivermectin 200µg/kg, PO, 1 to 2 days; albendazole 400mg/day PO, during 3 days; tiabendazole 25mg/kg, PO, bid, for 2 days. |
Health education; sanitation; hands and food washing; use of shoes. |
Prophylaxis before the onset of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive or immunobiological drugs, with ivermectin 200µg/kg/day, orally, for 2 consecutive days, repeated within 2 weeks. Repeat prophylaxis each 6 months, if immunomodulation or immunosuppression persists, if patient lives permanently in endemic area |