Parâmetros operacionais na remoção biológica de nitrogênio de águas por nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea

Zoppas, Fernanda Miranda; Bernardes, Andrea Moura; Meneguzzi, Álvaro

doi:10.1590/S1413-41520201600100134682

Fernanda Miranda Zoppas

Mestre em Engenharia pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. Bolsista de Doutorado del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Santa Fe, Argentina.

Andrea Moura Bernardes

Doutora em Engenharia de Materiais pela Technische Universität Berlin (TUBerlin), Alemanha. Professora da UFRGS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.

Álvaro Meneguzzi

Doutor em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais pela UFRGS. Professor Adjunto da UFRGS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil.

Endereço para correspondência: Fernanda Miranda Zoppas - Gdor. Vera, 3989, Santa Fe - CP 3000 - Santa Fe, Argentina - E-mail: fernandazoppas@gmail.com

Concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (mg.L-1)	Resultado	Referência
<0,5	Não ocorreu nitrificação	Pochana e Keller, 1999POCHANA, K. & KELLER, J. (1999) Study of factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Water Science and Technology , v. 39, n. 6, p. 61-68.
0,5	Acúmulo de nitrito	*Bernet et al., 2001*BERNET, N.; DANGCONG, P.; DELGENÈS, J.P.; MOLETTA, R. (2001) Nitrification at low oxygen concentration in biofilm reactor. Journal of Environmental Engineering , v. 127, n. 3, p. 266-271.
0,3 a 0,8	SND	Bueno, 2011BUENO, R.F. (2011) Nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea em reator com biomassa em suspensão e fluxo contínuo de esgoto . Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Pública) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
<0,7	Redução da oxidação do N-NH₄	Ruiz, Jeison e Chamy, 2003RUIZ, G.; JEISON, D.; CHAMY, R. (2003) Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration. Water Research , v. 37, n. 6, p. 1371-1377.
0,7	96 a 98% da oxidação do N-NH₄	*Bernet et al., 2001*BERNET, N.; DANGCONG, P.; DELGENÈS, J.P.; MOLETTA, R. (2001) Nitrification at low oxygen concentration in biofilm reactor. Journal of Environmental Engineering , v. 127, n. 3, p. 266-271.
<1,0	Redução da oxidação do N-NH₄	*Garrido et al., 1997*GARRIDO, J.M.; VAN BENTHUM, W.A.; VAN LOOSDRECHT, M.C.; HEIJNEN, J.J. (1997) Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm airlift suspention reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering , v. 53, n. 2, p. 168-178.
1,0	Acúmulo de nitrito	Helmer e Knust, 1998HELMER, C. & KNUST, S. (1998) Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in an aerobic biofilm system. Water Science and Technology , v. 37, n. 4-5, p. 183-187.
1,3	Acúmulo de nitrito	*Yoo et al., 1999*YOO, H.; AHN, K.H.; LEE, H.J.; LEE, K.H.; KWAK, Y.J., SONG, K.G. (1999) Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite in an intermittently-aerated reactor. Water Research , v. 33, n. 1, p. 145-154.
0,7 a 1,7	Acúmulo de nitrito	Ruiz, Jeison e Chamy 2003RUIZ, G.; JEISON, D.; CHAMY, R. (2003) Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration. Water Research , v. 37, n. 6, p. 1371-1377.
1,0 a 1,5	Nitrificação completa	Aslan, Miller e Dahab, 2009ASLAN, S.; MILLER, L.; DAHAB, M. (2009) Ammonium oxidation via nitrite accumulation under limited oxygen concentration in sequencing batch reactors. Bioresource Technology , v. 100 n. 2, p. 659-664.
1,0 a 1,5	SND	*Hocaoglu et al., 2011a*HOCAOGLU, S.M.; INSEL, G.; COKGOR, E.U.; ORHON, D. (2011a) Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 6, p. 4333-4340.
>1,7	Nitrificação não foi afetada	Ruiz, Jeison e Chamy, 2003RUIZ, G.; JEISON, D.; CHAMY, R. (2003) Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration. Water Research , v. 37, n. 6, p. 1371-1377.
1,0 a 2,0	Acúmulo de nitrito	*Garrido et al., 1997*GARRIDO, J.M.; VAN BENTHUM, W.A.; VAN LOOSDRECHT, M.C.; HEIJNEN, J.J. (1997) Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm airlift suspention reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering , v. 53, n. 2, p. 168-178.
1,0 a 2,0	94% remoção NT; acúmulo de nitrito; SND	*Antileo et al., 2013*ANTILEO, C.; MEDINA, H.; BORNHARDT, C.; MUÑOZ, C.; JARAMILLO, F., PROAL, J. (2013) Actuators monitoring system for real-time control of nitrification-denitrification via nitrite on long term operation. Chemical Engineering Journal , v. 223, p. 467-478.
>2,5	Nitrificação não foi afetada	*Garrido et al., 1997*GARRIDO, J.M.; VAN BENTHUM, W.A.; VAN LOOSDRECHT, M.C.; HEIJNEN, J.J. (1997) Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm airlift suspention reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering , v. 53, n. 2, p. 168-178.
3,0 a 4,0	Condições favoráveis à nitrificação	Colliver e Stephenson, 2000COLLIVER, B.B. & STEPHENSON, T. (2000) Production of nitrogen oxide and dinitrogen oxide by autotrophic nitrifiers. Biotechnology Advances , v. 18, n. 3, p. 219-232.

C:N	Nitrificação	Desnitrificação	Autor
2	97% de oxidação de NH₄		Do Canto et al., 2008DO CANTO, C.S.A.; RODRIGUES, J.A.D.; RATUSZNEI, S.M.; ZAIAT, M.; FORESTI, E. (2008) Feasibility of nitrification/denitrification in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor with liquid circulation applied to post-treatment. Bioresource Technology , v. 99, n. 3, p. 644-654.
<2,5	Não há desnitrificação satisfatória	Helmer-Madhok et al., 2002HELMER-MADHOK, C.; SCHMID, M.; FILIPOV, E.; GAUL, T.; HIPPEN, A.; ROSENWINKEL, K.H.; SEYFRIED, C.F.; WAGNER, M.; KUNST, S. (2002) Deammonification in biofilm systems: population structure and function. Water Science and Technology , v. 46, n. 1-2, p. 223-231.
3	SND máximo	SND máximo	Daniel et al., 2009DANIEL, L.M.C.; POZZI, E.; FORESTI, E.; CHINALIA, F.A. (2009) Removal of ammonium via simultaneous nitrification-denitrification nitrite-shortcut in a single packed-bed batch reactor. Bioresource Technology , v. 100, n. 3, p. 1100-1107.
3,6	>95% de acúmulo de compostos NO_x	Guo et al., 2009GUO, J.; PENG, Y.; WANG, S.; ZHENG, Y.; HUANG, H.; WANG, Z. (2009) Long-term effect of dissolved oxygen on partial nitrification performance and microbial community structure. Bioresource Technology , v. 100, n. 11, p. 2796-2802.
>4	Incremento na taxa de desnitrificação	Helmer-Madhok et al., 2002HELMER-MADHOK, C.; SCHMID, M.; FILIPOV, E.; GAUL, T.; HIPPEN, A.; ROSENWINKEL, K.H.; SEYFRIED, C.F.; WAGNER, M.; KUNST, S. (2002) Deammonification in biofilm systems: population structure and function. Water Science and Technology , v. 46, n. 1-2, p. 223-231.
5	79% de acúmulo de compostos NO_x	Yang e Yang, 2011YANG, S. & YANG, F. (2011) Nitrogen removal via short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittently aerated moving bed membrane bioreactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials , v. 195, p. 318-323.
3,75	78,9% de remoção de NT	Matsumoto, Terrada e Tsuneda, 2007MATSUMOTO, S.; TERADA, A.; TSUNEDA, S. (2007). Modeling of membrane-aerated biofilm: effects of C/N ratio, biofilm thickness and surface loading of oxygen on feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Biochemical Engineering Journal , v. 37, n. 1, p. 98-107.
3,0 a 5,25	70% de remoção de NT	Matsumoto. Terrada e Tsuneda, 2007MATSUMOTO, S.; TERADA, A.; TSUNEDA, S. (2007). Modeling of membrane-aerated biofilm: effects of C/N ratio, biofilm thickness and surface loading of oxygen on feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Biochemical Engineering Journal , v. 37, n. 1, p. 98-107.
4; 5,7; 8; 10	79,1% a 86,4%	43,9% a 51%	Zou et al. 2012ZOU, J.L.; XU, G.R.; PAN, K.; ZHOU, W.; DAI, Y.; WANG, X.; ZHANG, D.; HU, Y.C.; MA, M. (2012) Nitrogen removal and biofilm structure affected by COD/NH4+-N in a biofilter with porous sludge-ceramsite. Separation and Purification Technology , v. 94, p. 9-15.
10,04 e 15,11	Remoção completa	Sem acúmulo de N-NO₂ ⁻ e N-NO₃ ⁻	Meng et al. 2008MENG, Q.; YANG, F.; LIU, L.; MENG, F. (2008) Effects of COD/N ratio and DO concentration on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), v. 20, n. 8, p. 933-939.

pH	Desnitrificação	Nitrificação	Autor
<5	NR	Não ocorre	Colliver e Stephenson, 2000COLLIVER, B.B. & STEPHENSON, T. (2000) Production of nitrogen oxide and dinitrogen oxide by autotrophic nitrifiers. Biotechnology Advances , v. 18, n. 3, p. 219-232.
<6	NR	Diminui a atividade de AOB e NOB	Ciudad, 2007CIUDAD, G.A.B. (2007) Nitrificación-desnitrificación vía nitrito en reactores de discos rotatorios bajo dos modalidades de operación: continua y secuenciada . Departamento de Engenharia Química. Instituto de Agroindústria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco.
6,5-8,0	Adequado	NR	*Surampalli et al.,* 1997**SURAMPALLI, R.Y.; TYAGI, R.D.; SCHEIBLE, O.K.; HEIDMAN, J.A. (1997) Nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal in sequential batch reactors. Bioresource Technology , v. 61, n. 2, p. 151-157.
7,0-7,5	Adequado	Efetiva	*Jia et al., 2013*JIA, W.; LIANG, S.; ZHANG, J.; NGO, H.H.; GUO, W.; YAN, Y.; ZOU, Y. (2013) Nitrous oxide emission in low-oxygen simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process: sources and mechanisms. Bioresource Technology , v. 136, p. 444-451.
7,0-8,0	Efetiva	NR	*Yoo et al.,* 1999**YOO, H.; AHN, K.H.; LEE, H.J.; LEE, K.H.; KWAK, Y.J., SONG, K.G. (1999) Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite in an intermittently-aerated reactor. Water Research , v. 33, n. 1, p. 145-154.
7,5-8,0	NR	Crescimento favorável das bactérias nitrificantes	Colliver e Stephenson, 2000COLLIVER, B.B. & STEPHENSON, T. (2000) Production of nitrogen oxide and dinitrogen oxide by autotrophic nitrifiers. Biotechnology Advances , v. 18, n. 3, p. 219-232.
7,0-9,0	NR	Adequado	*Henze et al., 1997*HENZE, M.; HARREMOES, M.; COUR JANSEN, P.; ARVIN, E. (1997). Wastewater treatment: biological and chemical processes. Alemanha: Springer.
8,0	NR	Máxima ativação das AOB	Villaverde, García-Encina e Fdz-Polanco, 1997VILLAVERDE, S.; GARCÍA-ENCINA, P.A.; FDZ-POLANCO, F. (1997) Influence of pH over nitrifying biofilm activity in submerged biofilters. Water Research , v. 31, n. 5, p. 1180-1186.

Temperatura (ºC)	Atividade biológica	Autor
20-25	Nitritação	Kim e Yoo, 2008KIM, M.H. & YOO, C.K. (2008) A Systematic process optimization method for advanced environmental process. In: 2008 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, v. 1-4, p. 2254-2259.
15-32	Nitrificação	Cervantes-Carrilo, Pérez e Gómez, 2000CERVANTES-CARRILLO, F.; PÉREZ, J.; GÓMEZ, J. (2000) Avances en la eliminación biológica del nitrógeno de las aguas residuales. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología , v. 42, p. 73-82.
30-36	Aumento da atividade de Nitrosomonas	Nocko, 2008NOCKO, L.M. (2008) Remoção de carbono e nitrogênio em reator de leito móvel submetido à aeração intermitente . Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos.
8-28	Aumento da atividade de Nitrobacter	Nocko, 2008NOCKO, L.M. (2008) Remoção de carbono e nitrogênio em reator de leito móvel submetido à aeração intermitente . Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos.
28-30	Favorece AOB sobre NOB	Kim, Lee e Keller, 2006KIM, D.J.; LEE, D.I.; KELLER, J. (2006) Effect of temperature and free ammonia on nitrification and nitrite accumulation in landfill leachate and analysis of its nitrifying bacterial community by FISH. Bioresource Technology , v. 97, n. 3, p. 459-468.
<10	Velocidade de nitrificação cai drasticamente	Kim, Lee e Keller, 2006KIM, D.J.; LEE, D.I.; KELLER, J. (2006) Effect of temperature and free ammonia on nitrification and nitrite accumulation in landfill leachate and analysis of its nitrifying bacterial community by FISH. Bioresource Technology , v. 97, n. 3, p. 459-468.

Remoção de nitrogênio total	Concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (mg.L^-1)	Tipo de aeração na fase aeróbica	Autor
100% por SND	2,0-2,7	Intermitente	*Daniel et al.,* 2009**DANIEL, L.M.C.; POZZI, E.; FORESTI, E.; CHINALIA, F.A. (2009) Removal of ammonium via simultaneous nitrification-denitrification nitrite-shortcut in a single packed-bed batch reactor. Bioresource Technology , v. 100, n. 3, p. 1100-1107.
93% N e 92% D	0,2	Contínua	*Liu et al.,* 2010a**LIU, J.; ZUO, J.E.; YANG, Y.; ZHU, S.; KUANG, S.; WANG, K. (2010a). An autotrophic nitrogen removal process: short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachatee. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), v. 22, n. 5, p. 777-783.
89%	3-5	Contínua	*Khan et al.,* 2011**KHAN, S.J.; ILYAS, S.; JAVID, S.; VISVANATHAN, C.; JEGATHEESAN, V. (2011) Performance of suspended and attached growth MBR systems in treating high strength synthetic wastewater. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 9, p. 5331-5336.
88,4%	3,0	Contínua	*Yang et al.,* 2010**YANG, S.; YANG, F.; FU, Z.; WANG, T.; LEI, R. (2010) Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by a novel sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials , v. 175, n. 1-3, p. 551-557.
87,8%	NR	Intermitente	Yang e Yang, 2011YANG, S. & YANG, F. (2011) Nitrogen removal via short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an intermittently aerated moving bed membrane bioreactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials , v. 195, p. 318-323.
80%	0/1,5-2,0	Intermitente	Paetkau e Cicek, 2011PAETKAU, M. & CICEK, N. (2011) Comparison of nitrogen removal and sludge characteristics between a conventional and a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification membrane bioreactor. Desalination , v. 283, p. 165-168.
80%	2,0	Intermitente	*Do Canto et al.,* 2008**DO CANTO, C.S.A.; RODRIGUES, J.A.D.; RATUSZNEI, S.M.; ZAIAT, M.; FORESTI, E. (2008) Feasibility of nitrification/denitrification in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor with liquid circulation applied to post-treatment. Bioresource Technology , v. 99, n. 3, p. 644-654.
74%	3-5	Contínua	*Khan et al.,* 2011**KHAN, S.J.; ILYAS, S.; JAVID, S.; VISVANATHAN, C.; JEGATHEESAN, V. (2011) Performance of suspended and attached growth MBR systems in treating high strength synthetic wastewater. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 9, p. 5331-5336.
73%	0,15-0,20	Contínua	*Hocaoglu et al.,* 2011a**HOCAOGLU, S.M.; INSEL, G.; COKGOR, E.U.; ORHON, D. (2011a) Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 6, p. 4333-4340.
72,8%	1,0	Contínua	*Meng et al.,* 2008**MENG, Q.; YANG, F.; LIU, L.; MENG, F. (2008) Effects of COD/N ratio and DO concentration on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), v. 20, n. 8, p. 933-939.
70%	0,30-0,35	Contínua	*Hocaoglu et al.,* 2011a**HOCAOGLU, S.M.; INSEL, G.; COKGOR, E.U.; ORHON, D. (2011a) Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 6, p. 4333-4340.
68,9%	1,0	Contínua	*Yang et al.,* 2010**YANG, S.; YANG, F.; FU, Z.; WANG, T.; LEI, R. (2010) Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by a novel sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials , v. 175, n. 1-3, p. 551-557.
65,3%	6,0	Contínua	*Yang et al.,* 2010**YANG, S.; YANG, F.; FU, Z.; WANG, T.; LEI, R. (2010) Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by a novel sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials , v. 175, n. 1-3, p. 551-557.
49%	0,1-0,2	Contínua	*Hocaoglu et al.,* 2011b**HOCAOGLU, S.M.; INSEL, G.; COKGOR, E.U.; ORHON, D. (2011b) Effect of sludge age on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 12, p. 6665-6672.
36%	0,50-0,55	Contínua	*Hocaoglu et al.,* 2011a**HOCAOGLU, S.M.; INSEL, G.; COKGOR, E.U.; ORHON, D. (2011a) Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water. Bioresource Technology , v. 102, n. 6, p. 4333-4340.
31%	>4	Contínua	Paetkau e Cicek, 2011PAETKAU, M. & CICEK, N. (2011) Comparison of nitrogen removal and sludge characteristics between a conventional and a simultaneous nitrification-denitrification membrane bioreactor. Desalination , v. 283, p. 165-168.

[1] Endereço para correspondência: Fernanda Miranda Zoppas - Gdor. Vera, 3989, Santa Fe - CP 3000 - Santa Fe, Argentina - E-mail: fernandazoppas@gmail.com

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Parâmetros operacionais na remoção biológica de nitrogênio de águas por nitrificação e desnitrificação simultânea

Operating parameters on biological nitrogen removal of water by simultaneous nitrification and denitrification

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