Abstract

QUEIROGA NETO, Vicente et al. Dipteryx lacunifera seed oil: characterization and thermal stability. Ciênc. agrotec. [online]. 2009, vol.33, n.6, pp. 1601-1607. ISSN 1413-7054.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542009000600020.

The Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke is an oleaginous legume with high oil and protein content that can be used in human nutrition. The specie is a native of the Piauí and Maranhão state in the north east of Brazil. The measure physico-chemical properties of the oil are specific density, refractive index, acid, peroxide, iodine and saponification values of 0.91, 1.4651, 0.60 (% oleic acid), 2.81, 70.80 and about 179, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil showed the presence of 20.6% saturated, 65.1% monounsaturated and 14.3% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids C_6:0, C_8:0, C_12:0 and C_17:0 were present in trace (<0.01%) amounts while the C_16:0, C_18:0, C_20:0, C_22:0 and C_24:0 were at concentrations of 10.3, 5.4, 3.4, 0.9 and 0.6% of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3 and C_22:2 contents were 65.1, 14.1, 0.3% and trace (0.01%), respectively. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG) revealed that the thermal decomposition of the oil occurs in two steps corresponding to the unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The oil, when heated to a temperature of 180º C for 400 min showed smaller loss in mass than commercial soy, sunflower and corn oils. The curve DSC indicated an endothermic event with enthalpy variation (DH) of -56.7 Cal.g-1 in the temperature interval of 340 ºC (Ti) the 463º C (Tf), with maximum in 411.1º C (Tm).

Keywords : Dipteryx lacunifera; seed kernel oil; physical-chemical properties; fatty acids composition; thermogravimetric analysis.