Sui et al.1010 Sui Z, Turnbull D, Dodd J. Effect of body image on gestational
weight gain in overweight and obese women. Women Birth 2013;
26(4):267-272. (2013) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
442 pregnant women (first and third trimester) |
Stunkard's figure rating scale; questionnaire
with in-built questions. |
Sweeney & Fingerhut1111 Sweeney AC, Fingerhut R. Examining relationships between body
dissatisfaction, maladaptive perfectionism, and postpartum depression symptoms.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013;
42(5):551-561. (2013) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
46 pregnant women (equal to or more than 28 weeks
and 2 months post-partum) |
Body Attitudes Questionnaire; Post-partum
Depression Predictors Inventory–Revised; Almost
Perfect Scale—Revised; Edinburgh Postnatal Depression
Scale. |
Bagheri et al.99 Bagheri M, Dorosty A, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Eshraghian M, Amiri E,
Khamoush-Cheshm N. Pre-pregnancy body size dissatisfaction and excessive
gestational weight gain. Matern Child Health J 2013;
17(4):699-707.
|
Iran |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
382 pregnant women (retrospective prepregnancy;
more than 34 weeks |
Body Image Assessment for Obesity;
Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire; list of
portions of food consumed. |
Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et al.1717 Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Skouteris H, Watson B, Hill B. Body image
during pregnancy: an evaluation of the suitability of the body attitudes
questionnaire. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012;
12(1):91-101. (2012) |
Australia |
Longitudinal (pregnant) and Cross-sectional
(non-pregnant women); |
176 pregnant women (16, 24, 32 weeks) and 148
non-pregnant women |
Body Attitudes Questionnaire.
|
Nash33 Nash M. Weighty matters: Negotiating ‘fatness’ and
‘in -betweenness’ in early pregnancy. Feminism
Psychology 2012; 22(3):307-323. (2012) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Qualitative |
38 pregnant women (more than 10 weeks) |
Interview. |
Hauff & Demerath3232 Hauff LE, Demerath EW. Body image concerns and reduced breastfeeding
duration in primiparous overweight and obese women. Am J Hum
Biol 2012; 24(3):339-349. (2012) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
233 pregnant women (third trimester, 2 weeks
post-partum, 4 months post-partum) |
Questionnaire with in-built questions; questions
adapted from the Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Body
Shape Questionnaire; Eating Disorder
Examination. |
Brooten et al.2929 Brooten D, Youngblut JM, Golembeski S, Magnus MH, Hannan J.
Perceived weight gain, risk, and nutrition in pregnancy in five racial groups.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2012; 24(1):32-42. (2012) |
USA |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
54 pregnant women (less than 20 weeks) |
Body Image Assessment for Obesity; Food
Frequency Questionnaire— Adults;
questionnaire with in-built questions. |
Mehta et al.3333 Mehta UJ, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH. Effect of body image on
pregnancy weight gain. Matern Child Health J 2011;
15:(3)324-332.
|
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
1192 pregnant women (15–20, 17–22,
24–29, 27–30 weeks and post-partum) |
Gestational record; Body Image Assessment
for Obesity.
|
Loth et al.3434 Loth KA, Bauer KW, Wall M, Berge J, Neumark-Sztainer D. Body
satisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image 2011;
8(3):297-300. (2011) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
68 pregnant women and 927 non-pregnant women |
Specific questionnaire; Modified version of the
Body Shape Satisfaction Scale.
|
Rauff & Downs3535 Rauff EL, Downs DS. Mediating effects of body image satisfaction on
exercise behavior, depressive symptoms, and gestational weight gain in
pregnancy. Ann Behav Med 2011; 42(3):381-390.
|
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
151 pregnant women (14, 21 and 32 weeks) |
Body Areas Satisfaction Scale; Centers for
Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale; Leisure-Time
Exercise Questionnaire.
|
Kazmierczak & Goodwin2222 Kazmierczak M, Goodwin R. Pregnancy and body image in Poland: gender
roles and self-esteem during the third trimester. J Reprod Infant
Psychol 2011; 29(4):334-342. (2011) |
Poland |
Crosssectional and Quantitative |
100 pregnant women (28-39 weeks |
Body Image Questionnaire; Feminine Gender Role Stress
Scale; Psychological Sex Inventory; Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale.
|
Sacomori et al.3636 Sacomori C, Cardoso FL, Vanderlinde C. Pelvic floor muscle strength
and body self-perception among Brazilian pregnant women.
Physiotherapy 2010; 96(4):337-343. (2010) |
Brazil |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
35 pregnant women (3 = first trimester; 15 = second
trimester; 17= third trimester) |
Questionnaire of Human
Corporeality; Gestational record; Vaginal
palpation. |
Chang et al.3737 Chang SR, Kenney NJ, Chao YM. Transformation in self-identity
amongst Taiwanese women in late pregnancy: a qualitative study. Int J
Nurs Stud 2010; 47(1):60-66. (2010) |
Taiwan |
Cross-sectional and Qualitative |
18 pregnant women (29 to 39 weeks) |
Interview. |
Clark et al.22 Clark A, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. The
relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction across pregnancy and
the postpartum: a prospective study. J Health Psychol 2009;
14(1):27-35.
|
Australia |
Cross-sectional |
20 pregnant women (10 = third trimester and 10 =
postpartum) |
Semi-structured interview |
Clark et al.3838 Clark A, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J. My baby
body: A qualitative insight into women's body-related experiences and mood
during pregnancy and the postpartum. J Reprod Infant Psychol
2009; 27(4):330-345. (2009) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
116 pregnant women (retrospective prepregnancy,
17-21, 32-35 weeks of pregnancy, 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months
postpartum) |
Body Attitudes Questionnaire; Beck Depression
Inventory.
|
Pauls et al.3434 Loth KA, Bauer KW, Wall M, Berge J, Neumark-Sztainer D. Body
satisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image 2011;
8(3):297-300. (2008) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
50 pregnant women (8, 30 weeks of pregnancy and 30
weeks of post-partum) |
Female Sexual Function Index; Body Exposure
During Sexual Activities Questionnaire; Urogenital Distress
Inventory-short forms; Incontinence Impact Questionnaire;
Fecal Incontinence Quality of life Scale. |
Kamysheva et al.55 Kamysheva E, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Milgrom J.
Examination of a multi-factorial model of body-related experiences during
pregnancy: the relationships among physical symptoms sleep quality, depression,
self-esteem, and negative body attitudes. Body Image 2008;
5(2):152-163. (2008) |
Australia |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
215 pregnant women (retrospective pre-pregnancy and
15-25 weeks) |
Body Attitudes Questionnaire; Beck
Depression Inventory; Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale;
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Pregnancy Discomfort
Checklist. |
Herring et al.1515 Herring SJ, Oken E, Haines J, Rich-Edwards JW, Rifas-Shiman SL,
Kleinman KP, Gillman MW. Misperceived pre-pregnancy body weight status predicts
excessive gestational weight gain: findings from a US cohort stud y .
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2008; 22(8):1-9. (2008) |
USA |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
1537 pregnant women (less than 22 weeks) |
Physical Activity Scale; Semi-Quantitative Food
Frequency Questionnaire; Medical record; Specific
questionnaire.
|
Duncombe et al.1414 Duncombe D, Wertheim EH, Skouteris H, Paxton SJ, Kelly L. How well
do women adapt to changes in their body size and shape across the course of
pregnancy? J Health Psychol 2008;
13(4):503-515. (2008) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
158 pregnant women (retrospective pre-pregnancy;
16-23; 24-30 and 32-38 weeks) |
Body Attitudes Questionnaire; Contour
Drawing Rating Scale; Pregnancy Figure Rating Scales; Dutch
Eating Behaviour Questionnaire -Restraint; Beck Depression
Inventory. |
Downs et al.1616 Downs DS, DiNallo JM, Kirner TL. Determinants of pregnancy and
postpartum depression: prospective influences of depressive symptoms, body image
satisfaction, and exercise behavior. Ann Behav Med 2008;
36(1):54-63. (2008) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
230 pregnant women (first, second and third
trimester and post-partum) |
Body Areas Satisfaction Scale; Centers for
Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale; Leisure-Time
Exercise Questionnaire. |
Haedt & Keel2020 Haedt A, Keel P. Maternal attachment, depression, and body
dissatisfaction in pregnant women. J Reprod Infant Psychol
2007; 25(4):285-295. (2007) |
USA |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
196 pregnant women (2-40 weeks) |
10 items of the Body Shape Questionnaire;
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale. |
Chang et al.3939 Chang SR, Chao YM, Kenney NJ. I am a woman and I'm pregnant:
body image of women in Taiwan during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Birth 2006; 33(2):147-153. (2006) |
Taiwan |
Cross-sectional and Qualitative |
18 pregnant women (29-39 weeks) |
Interview. |
Skouteris et al.44 Skouteris H, Carr R, Wertheim EH, Paxton SJ, Duncombe D. A
prospective study of factors that lead to body image dissatisfaction during
pregnancy. Body Image 2005; 2(4):347-361. (2005) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
128 pregnant women (retrospective pre-gestation,
16-23, 24-31 and 32-39 weeks of gestation) |
Body Attitudes Questionnaire; Contour
Drawing and Pregnancy Figure Rating Scales; Beck Depression
Inventory; Physical Appearance Comparison Scale; Perception
of Teasing Scale; Perceived Socio-Cultural Pressure Scale;
Public Self-Consciousness Scale. |
Lai et al.2525 Lai BP, Tang CS, Tse WK. Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of
disordered eating among Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong. Eat
Disord 2005; 13(2):171-186. (2005) |
China |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
359 pregnant women (6 to 40 weeks) |
Eating Disorder Inventory-2; Bem Sex Role
Inventory; Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale; Spousal
Support Scale; Gestational record. |
Rocco et al.2626 Rocco PL, Orbitello B, Perini L, Pera V, Ciano RP, Balestrieri M.
Effects of pregnancy on eating attitudes and disorders: a prospective study.
J Psychosom Res 2005; 59(3):175-179. (2005) |
Italy |
Longitudinal and Qualitative |
97 pregnant women (12, 22, 32 weeks of gestation; 2
days and 4 months post-partum) |
Body Attitude Test; Eating Disorder
Inventory-2; EDI-Symptom Checklist. |
Johnson et al.4040 Johnson S, Burrows A, Williamson I. ‘Does my bump look big in
this?’ The meaning of bodily changes for first-time mothers-to-be.
J Health Psychol 2004; 9(3):361-374. (2004) |
England |
Cross-sectional and Qualitative |
6 pregnant women (33 to 39 weeks) |
Semi-structured interview. |
Huang et al.4141 Huang HC, Wang SY, Chen CH. Body image, maternal-fetal attachment,
and choice of infant feeding method: a study in Taiwan. Birth
2004; 31(3):183-188. (2004) |
Taiwan |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
195 pregnant women (from 28 weeks onwards) |
Attitude to Body Image Scale; Modified
Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale. |
Earle4242 Earle S. “Bumps and Boobs”: fatness and women's
experiences of pregnancy. Womens Stud Int Forum 2003;
26(3):245-252. (2003) |
England |
Cross-sectional and Qualitative |
19 pregnant women (6-14; 36-39 weeks of gestation
and 6-14 weeks post-partum) |
Interview. |
Dipietro et al.1313 DiPietro JA, Millet S, Costigan KA, Gurewitsch E, Caulfield LE.
Psychosocial influences on weight gain attitudes and behaviors during pregnancy.
J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103(10):1314-1319. (2003) |
USA |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
130 pregnant women (28 to 36 weeks) |
Pregnancy and Weight Gain Attitude Scale;
Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory; Pregnancy Experience
Scale; Daily Stress Inventory; Profile of Moods States;
Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. |
Boscaglia et al.2727 Boscaglia N, Skouteris H, Wertheim EH. Changes in body image
satisfaction during pregnancy: a comparison of high exercising and low
exercising women. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2003;
43(1):41-45. (2003) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
71 pregnant women (retrospective pre-gestation,
15-22 and 23-30 weeks and prospective post-partum) |
Body Cathexis Scale; Specific
physical activity questionnaire. |
Schmied & Lupton4343 Schmied V, Lupton D. The externality of the inside: body images of
pregnancy. Nurs Inq 2001; 8(1):32-40. (2001) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Qualitative |
25 pregnant women (prior to birth; 10 days, 4-8
weeks, 12-14 weeks, 5-6 months after birth) |
Interview. |
Kendall et al.4444 Kendall A, Olson CM, Frongillo EA Jr. Evaluation of psychosocial
measures for understanding weight-related behaviors in pregnant women.
Ann Behav Med 2001; 23(1):50-58. (2001) |
USA |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
622 (22 = first trimester; 423 = second trimester;
177 = third trimester) |
Structured questionnaire based on other validated
instruments. |
Goodwin et al.2828 Goodwin A, Astbury J, McMeeken J. Body image and psychological
well-being in pregnancy: a comparison of exercisers and non-exercisers.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;
40(4):442-447. (2000) |
Australia |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
65 pregnant women (14-20 and 27-32 weeks) |
Body Cathexis Scale; Questionnaire
for the self-reported exercise record; General Health
Questionnaire
|
Clark & Ogden2424 Clark M, Ogden J. The impact of pregnancy on eating behaviour and
aspects of weight concern. Int J Obes 1999;
23(1):18-24. (1999) |
England |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
50 pregnant women (24-28 weeks) and 50 non-pregnant
women |
Questionnaire with in-built questions;
Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; Eating Self-Efficacy
Scale; Three Factor Eating Questionnaire; Body Shape
Questionnaire. |
Fox & Yamaguchi3131 Fox P, Yamaguchi C. Body image change in pregnancy: a comparison of
normal weight and overweight primigrávidas. Birth 1997;
24(1):35-40. (1997) |
England |
Cross-sectional and Qualitative/Quantitative |
76 pregnant women (more than 30 weeks) |
Two open questions; modified Body Shape
Questionnaire. |
Foster et al.4545 Foster SF, Slade P, Wilson K. Body image, maternal fetal attachment,
and breast feeding. J Psychosom Res 1996;
41(2):181-184. (1996) |
England |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
38 pregnant women (32-38 weeks) |
Body Satisfaction Scale; Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale; Eating Disorders
Examination. |
Oyemade et al.2323 Oyemade UJ, Cole OJ, Johnson AA, Knight EM, Westney OE, Laryea H, et
al. Prenatal substance abuse and pregnancy outcomes among African American
women. J Nutr 1994; 124(Supl. 6):994-999. (1994) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
467 pregnant women |
Maternal Attitude Toward Pregnancy
Instrument; Self-esteem Scale; IPAT Anxiety Scale
Questionnaire; Partners Interaction Scale; Social Support
Network; Locus of control; Social Readjustment Scale; Daily
Hassles Scale; Obstetrical Complications scale;
Self-reported alcohol abuse. |
Edwards et al.2121 Edwards CH, Cole OJ, Oyemade UJ, Knight EM, Johnson AA, Westney OE,
Laryea H, West W, Jones S, Westney LS. Maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes in
a prenatal clinic population. J Nutr 1994; 124(Supl.
6):1006-1021. (1994) |
USA |
Longitudinal and Quantitative |
239 pregnant women |
Food recall list; Maternal Attitude to
Pregnancy Instrument; Life Events Inventory; Anxiety Scale
Questionnaire; Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale; Locus of
control; Sex Role Inventory. |
Davies & Wardle3030 Davies K, Wardle J. Body image and dieting in pregnancy. J
Psychosom Res 1994; 38(8):787-799. (1994) |
England |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
76 pregnant women (third trimester) and 97
non-pregnant women |
Eating Disorder Inventory; Figure Rating
Scale; The Restraint Scale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour
Questionnaire. |
Ruggieri et al.4747 Ruggieri V, Milizia M, Romano MF. Effects of body image on tactile
sensitivity to a tickle: a study of pregnancy. Percept Mot
Skills 1979; 49(2):555-563. (1979) |
Italy |
Cross-sectional and Quantitative |
20 pregnant women (third trimester) and 20
non-pregnant women |
Fisher's Body Prominence Test; Body
Cathexis Scale. |