Brent N et al. (1995), EUA |
A |
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Strategic home visits by health professionals trained in lactation;
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Discussion on the importance of breastfeeding, questions, breast physiology.
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Monthly during prenatal care up to 1st year postpartum |
Prevalence of early exclusive breastfeeding initiation: I = 61% C = 32% p = 0,02
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Chapman D et al. (2004), EUA |
A |
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Pregnancy < 26 weeks;
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>18 years of age;
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Study location dwellers;
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Low income;
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Low-risk pregnant women
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Strategic home visits of community women trained in breastfeeding;
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Topics covered include anatomy and physiology of the breast, breastfeeding management, counseling techniques and related social and cultural factors;
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Educational materials
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Monthly in prenatal up to the 6th month postpartum |
Prevalence of no early exclusive breastfeeding initiation: I = 8,9 % C = 22,7% OR = 0,39 (CI 95% 0,18-0,36)
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Olds D et al. (2004), EUA |
A |
1.178 pregnant women (I = 735; C = 443) |
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Strategic home visits by health professionals;
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Discussing issues on maternal and fetal health, encouraging self-care and family planning with the use of illustrative materials and teaching
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Monthly during prenatal care |
Prevalence of low birth weight: I = 2,8% C = 7,7% p = 0,03
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Bonuck K et al (2005), EUA |
A |
304 pregnant women (I = 145; C = 159) |
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Strategic home visits by local workers trained in breastfeeding;
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Workers discussed the physiological characteristics and benefits of breastfeeding using illustrative materials, dolls and artificial nipples and also preparation for childbirth and early initiation of breastfeeding
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Monthly during prenatal care up to 12 months postpartum |
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in 6 months postpartum: I = 53% C = 39,3% p<0,028
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Aidam B et al. (2005), Gana |
B |
231 pregnant women (I = 136; C = 95) |
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Pregnant women in the last quarter;
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Gave birth to term babies with adequate birth weight in the selected hospitals of the study;
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Residing in the community for at least 06 months postpartum
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Low-risk pregnant women
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Strategic and participatory home visits by breastfeeding-trained counsellors (nurses and nutritionists);
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Issues discussed during visits: Mother and child breastfeeding benefits, early initiation of this practice, the importance of colostrum, breastfeeding techniques, artificial milks risks and prevention and treatment of lactation issues.
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Monthly during prenatal care up to 1st year postpartum |
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding initiation in the first three months postpartum: I = 92,1% C = 65,9% p = 0,04
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months postpartum: I = 39,5% C = 19,6% p = 0,02
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Ickovics J et al. (2007), EUA |
A |
993 pregnant women (I = 623; C = 370) |
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Prematurity
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Birth weight
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Breastfeeding
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Prenatal care was performed in groups (maxim 8 pregnant women) with professionals discussing issues raised by the very pregnant women regarding concerns related to pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, newborns care; pregnant women were handed copies of their tests and weight records (self-care incentive).
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Monthly during prenatal care |
Prevalence of prematurity: I = 9,8% C = 13,8% OR = 0,67 (CI 95% 0,44-0,99) p = 0,045
Prevalence of low birth weight: I = 10,7% C = 11,3% OR = 0,98 (CI 95% 0,64- 1,50) p = 0,90 Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding I = 66,5% C = 54,6% OR = 1,73 (CI 95% 1,28- 2,35) p = 0,01
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Edwards R et al. (2013), EUA |
A |
248 pregnant women (I = 124; C = 124) |
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Strategic home visits by “doulas”;
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Visits topics: breastfeeding benefits, using illustrative materials and videos; personal breastfeeding experiences were shared, addressing child nutrition and dispelling breastfeeding myths.
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Monthly during prenatal care up to 12 months postpartum |
Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding : I = 63,9% C = 49,6% p = 0,02
Duration of exclusive breastfeeding > 4 months: I = 8,3% C = 4,4% p = 0,10 |
Karp S et al. (2013), EUA |
A |
-130 pregnant women (I = 73; C = 57) |
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Strategic home visits by health professionals;
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Visits topics: breastfeeding benefits, breastfeeding avoidance risks and discussing prior breastfeeding difficulties;
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Educational resources, teaching materials
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Monthly during prenatal care and 01 visit postpartum |
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding early initiation I = 68,5% C = 59,6% p = 0,295 |
Lutenbacher M et al. (2013), EUA |
B |
211 pregnant women (I = 109; C = 102) |
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Strategic home visits by health professionals according to specific protocols addressed:
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Guidance to pregnant women regarding childbirth, breastfeeding, pregnancy concerns, using teaching materials and ensuring access to psychiatric and social services, when necessary.
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Monthly during prenatal care and 01 immediate visit postpartum |
Prevalence of prematurity: I = 8% C = 13% p = 0,361 |