Characteristics of motorcyclists involved in road traffic accidents attended at public urgent and emergency services

Mascarenhas, Márcio Dênis Medeiros; Souto, Rayone Moreira Costa Veloso; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Silva, Marta Maria Alves da; Lima, Cheila Marina de; Montenegro, Marli de Mesquita Silva

doi:10.1590/1413-812320152112.24332016

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Article • Ciênc. saúde colet. 21 (12) • Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320152112.24332016 copy

Characteristics of motorcyclists involved in road traffic accidents attended at public urgent and emergency services

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Injuries resulting from motorcycle road traffic accidents are an important public health issue in Brazil. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of motorcyclists involved in traffic accidents attended in public urgent and emergency services in the state capitals and the Federal District. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (VIVA Survey) in 2014. Data were analyzed according to sociodemographic, event and attendance characteristics. Proportional differences between genders were analyzed by chi-square test (Rao-Scott) with 5% significance level. Motorcyclist-related attendances (n = 9,673) reported a prevalence of men (gender ratio = 3.2), young people aged 20–39 years (65.7%), black / brown (73.6%), paid work (76.4%). Helmet use was reported by 79.1% of the victims, 13.3% had consumed alcohol in the six hours prior to the accident, 41.4% of the events were related to the victim's work. Accidents were more frequent on weekends, in the morning and late afternoon. These characteristics can support the development of public accident prevention policies and health promotion.

Key words
External causes; Road traffic accidents; Motorcycles; Emergency treatment; Epidemiology

		Gender^ The number of attendances for some variables diverged due to missing data (unknown / blank).
Sociodemographic characteristics		Male (n = 7,355)		Female (n = 2,318)		Total (n = 9,673)
Sociodemographic characteristics		n	%^# # Percentage weighted for sample design.	n	%^# # Percentage weighted for sample design.	n	%^# # Percentage weighted for sample design.	p^## ## Chi-square association test (Rao-Scott).
Age group (years)								< 0.001
	0 to 9	61	0.7	53	2.2	114	1.0
	10 to 19	1,034	13.7	438	18.8	1,472	14.9
	20 to 39	4,763	66.1	1,477	64.2	6,240	65.7
	40 to 59	1,352	17.6	323	13.8	1,675	16.8
	60 and over	145	1.9	27	1.0	172	1.7
Race/skin color								< 0.001
	White	1,401	23.3	536	27.1	1,937	24.1
	Black/Brown	5,760	74.7	1,697	69.6	7,457	73.6
	Yellow / Indigenous	177	2.1	77	3.3	254	2.3
Years of schooling								< 0.001
	0 to 8	3,026	43.0	731	33.3	3,757	40.8
	9 and over	3,774	57.0	1,444	66.7	5,218	59.2
Performs paid work								< 0.001
	No	1,480	19.1	959	39.8	2,439	23.7
	Yes	5,578	80.9	1,269	60.2	6,847	76.4
Has health insurance plan								0.210
	No	6,575	91.3	2,076	90.1	8,651	91.0
	Yes	516	8.7	176	9.9	692	9.0
Has some kind of disability^a a Includes physical, mental, visual, hearing impairments and other disabilities / syndromes.								0.002
	No	7,073	98.1	2,260	99.2	9,333	98.4
	Yes	142	1.9	25	0.9	167	1.7
Vulnerable population^b b Includes gypsy, Quilombola, villager, people living in the streets and other.								0.358
	No	7,140	99.0	2,260	99.3	9,400	99.0
	Yes	71	1.0	21	0.7	92	1.0

			Gender^ The number of attendances for some variables diverged due to missing data (unknown / blank).
Characteristics			Male (n = 7,355)		Female (n = 2,318)		Total (n = 9,673)
Characteristics			n	%^# # Percentage weighted for sample design.	n	%^# # Percentage weighted for sample design.	n	%^# # Percentage weighted for sample design.	p^## ## Chi-square association test (Rao-Scott).
Of the event									< 0.001
	Victim type
		Driver	6,657	90.4	1,161	47.3	7,818	80.9
		Passenger	713	9.6	1,159	52.7	1,872	19.1
	Other party involved								0.317
		Car	2,984	44.0	916	43.8	3,900	44.0
		Motorcycle	1,003	13.5	347	14.6	1,350	13.8
		Bus / Minibus	166	2.5	52	2.4	218	2.5
		Bicycle	93	1.1	32	1.4	125	1.2
		Fixed object	469	6.8	127	5.8	596	6.6
		Animal	375	4.8	100	3.7	475	4.6
		Other	1,858	27.3	613	28.3	2,471	27.5
	Nature of injury								< 0.001
		No injury	184	2.3	98	4.1	282	2.7
		Bruise/sprain/strain	1,990	30.8	789	38.4	2,779	32.5
		Cut/laceration	2,544	31.0	746	27.4	3,290	30.2
		Fracture/amputation/traumas^a a Includes head trauma, dental trauma and polytrauma.	2,397	33.4	591	27.2	2,988	32.0
		Other^b b Includes poisoning, burns and other.	153	2.5	68	3.0	221	2.6
	Body part affected								0.004
		Head / neck	717	9.8	171	8.7	888	9.5
		Chest / abdomen / pelvis	451	6.5	121	5.9	572	6.4
		Upper limbs	1,535	21.1	407	17.7	1,942	20.4
		Lower limbs	2,554	37.5	944	42.7	3,498	38.7
		Multiple organs / parts	1,928	25.1	576	25.0	2,504	25.1
	Helmet use								0.442
		No	1,414	20.7	439	21.7	1,853	20.9
		Yes	5,694	79.3	1,791	78.3	7,485	79.1
	Alcohol consumption								< 0.001
		No	5,920	85.2	2,048	91.8	7,968	86.7
		Yes	1,197	14.8	201	8.2	1,398	13.3
	Work-related event								< 0.001
		No	3,849	56.4	1,296	67.1	5,145	58.6
		Yes	2,409	43.7	512	32.9	2,921	41.4
Of the attendance
	Transport to hospital								0.519
		Walking / bus / minibus	296	6.1	74	5.2	370	5.9
		Private car	3,123	43.3	1,030	44.6	4,153	43.6
		SAMU / ambulance / rescue	3,636	46.7	1,128	46.8	4,764	46.7
		Other^c c Includes police car and other.	257	3.9	68	3.3	325	3.8
	Previous care in another facility								0.225
		No	5,410	72.8	1,788	74.4	7,198	73.2
		Yes	1,851	27.2	508	25.6	2,359	26.9
	Outcome								< 0.001
		Discharge	4,871	67.7	1,679	73.5	6,550	69.0
		Hospitalization^d d Includes hospitalization and referral to other service.	1,726	24.9	435	19.9	2,161	23.8
		Outpatient referral	497	6.0	142	5.6	639	5.9
		Other^e e Includes evasion / escape, death and other.	80	1.4	17	1.1	97	1.3

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[1] Collaborations

MDM Mascarenhas, RMCV Souto and DC Malta participated in the preparation of the study design, literature review and wording of the preliminary version; MMA Silva and CM Lima contributed to the wording and critical analysis of the text; MDM Mascarenhas and MMS Montenegro tabulated and analyzed the data; all authors approved the final version.