Continued use of drugs and working conditions among truck drivers

Girotto, Edmarlon; Guidoni, Camilo Molino; González, Alberto Durán; Mesas, Arthur Eumann; Andrade, Selma Maffei de

doi:10.1590/1413-812320152112.24212015

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Article • Ciênc. saúde colet. 21 (12) • Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320152112.24212015 copy

Continued use of drugs and working conditions among truck drivers

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Few studies have been conducted on truck drivers with regard to their health problems, especially their drug consumption profile. This study aimed to determine the continuous use of drugs and to identify use-related professional characteristics among this category. A cross-sectional study was carried out with truck drivers parked at the sorting yard of the, Port of Paranaguá, Paraná. An interview to obtain socioeconomic data, data on health problems, working conditions and continued use of medication was performed. Of the drivers evaluated (n = 665), 21.1% reported a continuous use of some medication, mainly captopril (10.7%), metformin (10.3%), omeprazole (6.2%) and simvastatin (6.2%). Drivers with 16 or more years of professional experience (Prevalence Ratio [PR] 1.67; Confidence Interval [CI] 95% 1.11-2.51), truck owners (PR 1.38; CI 95% 1.03-1.86) and without formal labor contract (PR 1.49; CI 95% 1.11-2.00) had a higher prevalence of continuous use of medication. We noted that some working conditions play an important role in the continuous use of drugs by truck drivers.

Key words
Truck drivers; Drug use; Working conditions; Pharmacoepidemiology

Therapeutic Group^* * Eighteen (9.2%) unidentified drugs have not been shown;		n	%
Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system (C09)		44	22.6
	Captopril	21	10.7
	Enalapril	11	5.6
	Losartan	6	3.1
	Valsartam	5	2.7
	Candesartan	1	0.5
Drugs used for Diabetes (A10)		33	17.0
	Metformin	20	10.3
	Glibenclamide	8	4.2
	Gliclazide	3	1.5
	Glimepiride	1	0.5
	Insulin	1	0.5
Drugs for acid-related disorders (A02)		14	7.2
	Omeprazole	12	6.2
	Lansoprazole	1	0.5
	Pantoprazole	1	0.5
Lipid-modifying drugs (C10)		14	7.2
	Simvastatin	12	6.2
	Atorvastatin	1	0.5
	Fenofibrate	1	0.5
Beta blockers (C07)		13	6.7
	Atenolol	7	3.7
	Metoprolol	3	1.5
	Propranolol	3	1.5
Diuretics (C03)		10	5.2
	Hydrochlorothiazide	10	5.2
Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs (M01)		7	3.7
	Diclofenac and associations	5	2.7
	Diclofenac	1	0.5
	Nimesulide	1	0.5
Antithrombotic drugs (B01)		7	3.7
	Acetylsalicylic acid	5	2.7
	Warfarin	2	1.0
Other therapeutic groups^ All therapeutic groups with frequency below 2.0%.		34	17.5

Reported Health Disorders	n	Drug treatment n (%)
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain	237	6 (2.5)
Systemic arterial hypertension	108	51 (47.2)
Dyslipidemia	84	10 (11.9)
Hemorrhoids	58	2 (3.4)
Diabetes mellitus	50	24 (48.0)

Variables		Total		Continuous Use of Drugs
Variables		n	%	n	%	PR (CI 95%) Non-adjusted	PR (CI 95%) Adjusted^a a Adjusted for age, schooling and access to health plan.
Work experience (in years)
	Below 16	325	48.9	39	12.0	1.00	1.00
	16 and over	340	51.1	101	29.7	2.48 (1.77-3.47)^* ***** p < 0.001.	1.67 (1.11-2.51)^* * p < 0.05;
Work shift
	Fixed	170	25.6	32	18.8	1.00	1.00
	Alternating	495	74.4	108	21.8	1.16 (0.81-1.66)	1.03 (0.73-1.45)
Truck ownership
	Employer	457	68.7	85	18.6	1.00	1.00
	Driver	208	31.3	55	26.4	1.42 (1.07-1.91)^* * p < 0.05;	1.38 (1.03-1.86)^* * p < 0.05;
Employment relationship
	Yes	415	62.4	74	17.8	1.00	1.00
	No	250	37.6	66	26.4	1.48 (1.11-1.98)^ p < 0.01;	1.49 (1.11-2.00)^ p < 0.01;
Income as a driver (in Brazilian Reais)
	Below 2,500	390	58.6	74	19.0	0.79 (0.59-1.06)	0.81 (0.61-1.07)
	2,500 and over	275	41.4	66	24.0	1.00	1.00
Continuous driving for over eight hours
	Yes	101	15.2	18	17.8	0.82 (0.53-1.29)	0.85 (0.55-1.31)
	No	564	84.8	122	21.6	1.00	1.00
Driving while very fatigued
	Yes	168	25.3	30	17.9	0.81 (0.56-1.16)	0.93 (0.65-1.32)
	No	497	74.7	110	22.1	1.00	1.00
Salary-related characteristics
	Fixed	71	10.7	13	18.3	1.00	1.00
	Productivity or fixed + productivity	594	89.3	127	21.4	1.17 (0.70-1.95)	1.02 (0.62-1.68)

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[1] Collaborations

All authors have made substantial contributions to justify authorship of the article. E Girotto, SM Andrade and AE tables outlined the study. E Girotto and CM Guidoni performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. AD González supervised the statistical analysis and manuscript preparation. SM Andrade and AE Mesas contributed to the preparation and review of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the submitted article.