Alcohol abuse and involvement in traffic accidents in the Brazilian population, 2013

Damacena, Giseli Nogueira; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de; Almeida, Wanessa da Silva de; Ribeiro, Lucas Sisinno; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

doi:10.1590/1413-812320152112.25692015

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Article • Ciênc. saúde colet. 21 (12) • Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320152112.25692015 copy

Alcohol abuse and involvement in traffic accidents in the Brazilian population, 2013

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Abstract

Abstract This article aims to analyze alcohol abuse and frequent consumption according to sociodemographic characteristics and investigate the risk of greater involvement in traffic accidents, using data from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013, Brazil. Events investigated were alcohol abuse and frequent consumption and if the individual was involved in a traffic accident and sustained an injury in the last 12 months. We investigated both events according to sociodemographic characteristics and assessed the association among them through multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of alcohol abuse and frequent consumption was 6.1% for the population aged 18 years and over, 8.9% among men and 3.6% among women. The prevalence of involvement in traffic accidents was 3.1% in the general population and 6.1% among those who reported alcohol abuse. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, alcohol abuse and frequent consumption was significantly associated with traffic accidents. Considering a higher risk of involvement in traffic accidents among individuals who reported alcohol abuse and frequent consumption, monitoring blood alcohol concentration of drivers becomes a strategic possibility of intervention.

Key words
Health survey; Alcoholic beverages; Traffic accidents; Brazil

Sociodemographic characteristics		Alcohol abuse and frequent consumption
		Male			Female
		%	OR	p-value	%	OR	p-value
Total		8.9	-	-	3.6	-	-
Age group
	18 to 29 years	10.3	1.745	0.000	6.0	4.229	0.000
	30 a 39 years	10.0	1.689	0.000	4.3	2.945	0.000
	40 a 49 years	10.7	1.823	0.000	3.5	2.414	0.000
	50 years and over	6.2	1.000	-	1.5	1.000	-
Schooling level
	Incomplete secondary school	9.4	1.000	-	3.2	1.000	-
	Secondary school completed and over	8.3	0.880	0.099	4.0	1.241	0.021
Skin color/race
	White	7.6	0.594	0.000	2.6	0.464	0.000
	Brown	9.6	0.766	0.015	4.2	0.762	0.054
	Black	12.4	1.000	-	5.9	1.000	-
Marital status
	Married	6.6	0.555	0.000	1.7	0.265	0.000
	Separated/Divorced	9.7	0.841	0.274	4.9	0.804	0.199
	Widower/Widow	5.5	0.451	0.009	0.9	0.142	0.000
	Single	11.4	1.000	-	6.1	1.000	-

Sociodemographic characteristics		Traffic accidents General population
		General population
		Male			Female
		%	OR^*	p-value	%	OR^*	p-value
Total		4.5	-	-	1.8	-	-
Age group
	18 to 29 years	7.1	4.491	0.000	3.1	4.655	0.000
	30 a 39 years	6.1	3.847	0.000	2.2	3.180	0.000
	40 a 49 years	3.7	2.278	0.000	1.7	2.411	0.000
	50 years and over	1.7	1.000	-	0.7	1.000	-
Schooling level
	Incomplete secondary school	4.2	1.000	-	1.5	1.000	-
	Secondary school completed and over	4.9	1.171	0.140	2.2	1.489	0.001
Skin color/race
	White	3.9	0.737	0.071	1.5	0.802	0.330
	Brown	4.9	0.925	0.643	2.1	1.069	0.744
	Black	5.5	1.000	-	1.9	1.000	-
Marital status
	Married	3.2	0.502	0.000	1.4	0.575	0.000
	Separated/Divorced	2.8	0.444	0.000	1.7	0.663	0.112
	Widower/Widow	2.3	0.354	0.006	0.7	0.266	0.000
	Single	6.1	1.000	-	2.5	1.000	-
Sociodemographic characteristics		Traffic accidents
		Individuals who reported alcohol abuse and frequent consumption
		Male			Female
		%	OR ^*	p-value	%	OR ^*	p-value
Total		7.5	-	-	2.8	-	-
Age group
	18 to 29 years	12.0	4.830	0.002	4.3	5.179	0.014
	30 a 39 years	8.2	3.166	0.025	2.7	3.148	0.103
	40 a 49 years	5.1	1.911	0.280	1.4	1.583	0.540
	50 years and over	2.8	1.000	-	0.9	1.000	-
Schooling level
	Incomplete secondary school	8.5	1.000	-	1.9	1.000	-
	Secondary school completed and over	6.1	0.699	0.164	3.6	1.911	0.027
Skin color/race
	White	5.8	0.447	0.041	2.6	1.107	0.763
	Brown	7.6	0.590	0.117	3.2	1.396	0.351
	Black	13.1	1.000	-	1.8	1.000	-
Marital status
	Married	6.1	0.644	0.133	1.6	0.442	0.037
	Separated/Divorced	2.7	0.273	0.038	0.6	0.161	0.006
	Widower/Widow	0.4	0.044	0.003	0.0	0.000	0.739
	Single	9.1	1.000	-	3.6	1.000	-

Condition in the accident	General population (n = 1,840)		People who reported alcohol abuse and consumption (n = 223)
Condition in the accident	%	CI95%	%	CI95%
Car/van driver	19.0	(16.0-22.4)	17.3	(10.5-27.1)
Bus driver	0.7	(0.3-1.5)	0.0	-
Truck driver	0.8	(0.4-1.6)	1.7	(0.4-5.9)
Motorcycle driver	45.2	(41.1-49.4)	54.0	(43.8-63.8)
Bicycle driver	3.9	(2.7-5.7)	6.5	(3.4-11.9)
Car/van passenger	8.0	(6.2-10.2)	5.8	(2.1-14.8)
Bus passenger	2.0	(1.3-3.1)	2.2	(0.7-6.3)
Truck passenger	0.0	-	0.0	-
Motorcycle passenger	12.9	(10.4-15.8)	8.6	(5.1-13.9)
Bicycle passenger	1.8	(0.6-4.6)	1.4	(0.3-5.7)
Pedestrian	4.8	(3.7-6.3)	2.5	(1.1-5.4)
Other	0.9	(0.5-1.7)	0.0	-

Variables		Adjusted odds ratio (OR)^* * OR estimated by multivariate logistic regression.	Confidence interval (95%)	p-value
Gender
	Male	2.408	(2.029-2.858)	0.000
	Female	1.000	-	-
Age group
	18 to 29 years	3.943	(3.029-5.133)	0.000
	30 a 39 years	3.324	(2.567-4.304)	0.000
	40 a 49 years	2.193	(1.645-2.922)	0.000
	50 years and over	1.000	-	-
Schooling level
	Incomplete secondary school	1.000	-	-
	Secondary school completed and over	1.013	(0.854-1.201)	0.884
Skin color/race
	White	0.805	(0.617-1.051)	0.111
	Brown	0.921	(0.706-1.200)	0.541
	Black	1.000	-	-
Marital status
	Married	0.845	(0.708-1.008)	0.061
	Separated/Divorced	0.934	(0.670-1.303)	0.689
	Widower/Widow	0.829	(0.510-1.348)	0.449
	Single	1.000	-	-
Alcohol abuse and frequent consumption
	Yes	1.563	(1.187-2.059)	0.001
	No	1.000	-	-

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[1] Collaborations

Paper conception: GN Damacena, LR Sisinno and CL Szwarcwald. Text writing: GN Damacena, LS Ribeiro and CL Szwarcwald. Data review: GN Damacena, LS Ribeiro, PRB Souza Júnior, WS Almeida and CL Szwarcwald. Discussion on results: GN Damacena, LS Ribeiro, CS Boccolini, DC Malta and CL Szwarcwald. Critical review: GN Damacena, CS Boccolini, DC Malta and CL Szwarcwald.