The impact of the “Bolsa Família” Program on household diet quality, Pernambuco State, Brazil

Coelho, Pedro Lima; Melo, Andrea Sales Soares de Azevedo

doi:10.1590/1413-81232017222.13622015

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde colet. 22 (2) • Feb 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017222.13622015 copy

The impact of the “Bolsa Família” Program on household diet quality, Pernambuco State, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) on the quality of dietsamong households from Pernambuco State using data from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. The propensity score matching method, which corrects the sample selection bias, was used to make a comparison between beneficiary families and beneficiaries not in the program. The results show that beneficiary families in the Program scored, on average, 9.05 more on the Diet Quality Index (DQI), compared with families not participating in the BFP. The results point to the effectiveness of the BFP in improving the quality of family diets, particularly in reducing fat and sodium, and increasing variety.

Bolsa Familia Program; Nutrition; Diet Quality Index (DQI); Pernambuco

Variable	Beneficiaries		Non-beneficiaries
Dummy variable type	Frequency	Proportion	Frequency	Proportion
Family with child under 17 years	137	89.54	183	50.27
Gender – male	114	74.51	222	60.99
Race – white	44	28.76	115	31.59
Location – urban	39	25.49	173	47.53
Bathroom	143	93.46	349	95.88
Brickwork	148	96.73	359	98.63
Plumbing	117	76.47	323	88.74
Paving	65	42.45	226	62.09
Countable variable type	Average	Standard Deviation	Average	Standard Deviation
Income	777.59	683.07	2087.91	3696.07
Age	42.46	11.72	49.54	16.69
Schooling	4.19	3.61	6.85	4.83
Number of residents	4.46	1.87	3.10	1.56

Score	Diet Category	Beneficiaries		Non-beneficiaries		Total

		N^o	%	N^o	%	N^o	%
< 51	Inadequate	42	27.3	138	38.0	180	34.7
51 \|-\| 80	Needs to change	99	64.3	219	60.1	318	61.4
Total		154	100	364	100	518	100

Variable	Coefficient	Standard Deviation
Income	-0.537^*	0.096
Age	0.063^**	0.033
Age²	-0.001^*	0.000
N^o of residents	0.144^*	0.049
Schooling	-.0.072^*	0.022
Child	0.839^*	0.207
Gender	0.352^**	0.168
Race	0.228	0.159
Urban	-0.359^**	0.161
Bathroom	0.337	0.339
Brickwork	0.547	0.248
Plumbing	-0.354^***	0.209
Paving	0.011	0.157
Intercept	-2.515^***	1.693

Lower limit of strata of Propensity Score	Number of Families		Average DQI		Effect Δ⁵

	Beneficiaries	Non-beneficiaries	Beneficiaries	Non-beneficiaries
0	14	96	55.64	58.95	-3.31
0.2	27	65	61.74	50.77	10.97
0.4	43	34	61.79	49.47	12.32
0.6	43	17	59.65	49.18	10.47
0.8	26	6	60.15	54.17	5.98
Total/Average	153	218	60.34	51.28	9.05

Components	Treatment	Control	Average	Effect
Group of cereals, breads, tubers and roots (portion)	4.23	3.93	4.02	0.3
Group op vegetable (portion)	1.13	0.87	0.95	0.26
Group of fruits (portion)	1.28	1.03	1.1	0.25
Group of milk and derived (portion)	1.63	1.68	1.67	-0.05
Group of meat and eggs (portion)	0.93	0.91	0.918	0.02
Group of vegetables (portion)	0.67	0.48	0.53	0.19
Total fat (punctuation)	6.18	5.45	5.66	0.73
Cholesterol (punctuation)	5.07	4.73	4.83	0.34
Sodium (punctuation)	4.63	4.02	4.2	0.61
Variety of diet (punctuation)	7.26	6.56	6.77	0.7

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

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[1] Collaborations

PL Coelho was responsible for working with the data and execution of the models used to calculate the Diet Quality Index (IQD) for the estimation of the Propensity Score Matching and the impact of the Bolsa Família Program on IQD. ASSA Melo was responsible for designing the research, monitoring and reviewing the estimates made, and preparing the final report.