Overweight in rural elderly: association with health conditions and quality of life

Tavares, Darlene Mara dos Santos; Bolina, Alisson Fernandes; Dias, Flavia Aparecida; Ferreira, Pollyana Cristina dos Santos; Santos, Nilce Maria de Freitas

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018233.25492015

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde colet. 23 (3) • Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018233.25492015 copy

Overweight in rural elderly: association with health conditions and quality of life

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to verify the association of overweight with functional disability, self-reported morbidities and quality of life (QoL) among rural elderly dwellers. This is a domestic and cross-sectional survey conducted in the rural region of a municipality of Southeast Brazil. Three hundred seventy non-overweight elderly people and 192 overweight elderly people were evaluated with the following tools: semi-structured; Katz and Lawton and scales; World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment for Older Adults. Overweight was associated with morbidities arthritis/osteoarthritis (p = 0.002), systemic arterial hypertension (p < 0.001), varicose veins (p = 0.009), heart problems (p = 0.028), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001), cerebrovascular accident (p = 0.044) and urinary incontinence (p = 0.032). Overweight elderly had lower scores in the physical realm (p = 0.005) and higher scores in social relationships (p = 0.033) compared to those without this condition. Results point to the importance of monitoring the nutritional status of rural elderly to prevent comorbidities and improve the quality of life.

Quality of life; Elderly; Overweight; Rural population’s health

Variables		Overweight

		No		Yes

		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	210	56.8	91	47.4
	Female	160	43.2	101	52.6
Age group	60├ 70	216	58.4	136	70.8
(in years)	70├ 80	116	31.4	47	24.5
	80 and over	38	10.3	9	4.7
Marital Status	Never married or lived with a partner	27	7.3	19	9.9
	Lives with spouse or partner	251	67.8	130	67.7
	Widower/widow	64	17.3	33	17.2
	Separated	28	7.6	10	5.2
Housing scheme	Alone	58	15.7	32	16.7
	Only with spouse	172	46.5	101	52.6
	With others from own generation (with or without spouse)	42	11.4	13	6.8
	With children (with or without spouse)	76	20.5	31	16.1
	With grandchildren (with or without spouse)	15	4.1	13	6.8
	Other schemes	7	1.9	2	1
Schooling years	No schooling	82	22.2	32	16.7
	1├ 4	110	29.7	64	33.3
	4├ 8	146	39.5	79	41.1
	8	13	3.5	8	4.2
	9 and over	19	5.1	9	4.7
Individual income (in minimum wages)*	No income	28	7.6	32	16.7
	< 1	10	2.7	10	5.2
	1	180	48.6	77	40.1
	1├ 3	129	34.9	56	29.2
	3├ 5	16	4.3	14	7.3
	> 5	6	1.6	3	1.6

Morbidities	Overweight				X²	p	OR (CI 95%)	p*

	No		Yes

	N	%	N	%
Rheumatism	78	22.0	47	26.1	1.11	0.293	1.33 (0.87-2.04)	0.184
Arthritis / arthrosis	84	23.4	69	37.9	12.54	<0.001	1.94 (1.29-2.92)	0.002
Osteoporosis	52	14.2	29	15.7	0.211	0.646	1.03 (0.61-1.74)	0.905
Embolism	8	2.2	4	2.1	0.00	0.979	1.14 (0.33-3.92)	0.834
Systemic arterial hypertension	167	45.3	127	66.1	22.09	<0.001	2.52 (1.72-3.67)	<0.001
Poor blood circulation (varicose veins)	87	23.5	69	36.3	10.24	0.001	1.71 (1.14-2.57)	0.009
Heart problems	56	23.6	60	31.4	3.99	0.046	1.56 (1.05-2.33)	0.028
Diabetes mellitus	28	7.7	32	16.8	10.98	0.001	2.46 (1.41-4.28)	0.001
Stroke	9	2.4	11	5.7	4.00	0.045	2.55 (1.03-6.36)	0.044
Urinary incontinence	41	11.1	33	17.2	4.12	0.049	1.74 (1.05-2.89)	0.032
Spine problems	201	54.5	117	60.9	2.15	0.143	1.23 (0.86-1.77)	0.256
Malignant tumors	7	1.9	2	1.0	0.58	0.446	0.67 (0.14-3.30)	0.667
Benign tumors	10	2.7	6	3.1	0.08	0.775	1.04 (0.37-2.96)	0.936

	Overweight		Z	p	β	p*

	Yes	No
WHOQOL-BREF
Physical	70.63	67.00	-2.43	0.015	-0.12	0.005
Psychological	70.99	71.03	-0.55	0.580	0.02	0.565
Social relationships	72.75	75.04	-2.11	0.035	0.09	0.033
Environment	64.15	64.04	-0.11	0.909	0.00	0.963
WHOQOL-OLD
Sensory functioning	72.89	72.46	-0.15	0.883	-0.01	0.808
Autonomy	68.97	69.21	-0.13	0.898	0.02	0.654
Past, present and future activities	70.32	70.54	-0.08	0.940	0.02	0.601
Social participation	67.33	68.88	-1.04	0.301	0.06	0.132
Death and dying	71.64	71.98	-0.58	0.565	0.04	0.356
Intimacy	73.88	74.61	-1.78	0.075	0.06	0.162

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[1] Collaborations

DMS Tavares participated in the design and outline of the study and approval of the version to be published; AF Bolina and FA Dias contributed in the analysis and interpretation of data, paper writing, critical review and approval of the final version; PCS Ferreira and NMF Santos contributed in the interpretation of data, paper writing, critical review and approval of the final version.