Health education training of university students of the early childhood education degree in Spain

Llorent-Bedmar, Vicente; Cobano-Delgado, Verónica

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018248.28642017

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (8) • Aug 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018248.28642017 copy

Health education training of university students of the early childhood education degree in Spain

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In Spain, Health Education is included in the Early Childhood Education curriculum, but teachers do not manage to develop it effectively. We intended to verify the opinion of the students of the Early Childhood Education Degree of the universities of Andalusia about their education and the relevance of this subject. The research was conducted on a population of 2,178 students, using the questionnaire as the main instrument. Its validation required measuring its internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. The students consider essential Child Health Education training (87.8%), and affirmed that the one they received in the official curricula had been weak. The subjects offered are mostly focused on the promotion of healthy lifestyles (61.5%) and prevention (38.5%). On the other hand, they consider first aid training very important. We propose the implementation of a complete and appropriate Health Education in the training of teachers.

Key words
School health; Education; Health education; Health promotion

	%
	Not at all	Barely	Fair	Quite a lot	Very much
Healthy eating	0	0	1.3	17.1	81.6
Accident prevention	0	1.0	8.2	34.5	56.3
Vaccines	0	2.0	6.9	30.3	60.9
Sleep disorders	0.7	2.0	3.9	31.6	61.8
Postural hygiene	0	1.6	3.3	36.2	58.9
Visual hygiene	0	1.3	2.3	33.6	62.8
Body hygiene	0	0.3	1.0	23.4	75.3
Physical activity	0	0.7	3.3	31.6	64.5

	%
	Not at all	Barely	Fair	Quite a lot	Very much
Promotion of healthy habits and lifestyles:
Healthy eating	0	0	1.3	19.4	79.3
Free games and child psychomotricity	0	0.3	2.6	22.0	75.0
Night sleep disorders and daytime rest in childhood	0	0.7	7.6	36.5	55.3
Hygiene, personal hygiene	0	0	2.3	25.7	72.0
Oral Health	0.7	1.0	6.6	40.1	51.6
Correction of bad hygienic habits: nose picking, nail biting...	0	1.6	10.5	35.9	52
Postural hygiene (correct postures)	0	0.3	3.3	30.6	65.8
Prevention:
Adaptation of school facilities and materials for the prevention of child accidents	0	1.3	6.3	37.8	54.6
Prevention of communicable diseases in the school environment	0	1.6	4.9	32.9	60.9
Immunization schedule information	1.3	5.9	27.6	40.5	24.7
Prevention of learning difficulties related to organic disorders of development	0	0.3	5.9	36.5	57.2
Prevention of child abuse	0	0	1.0	13.8	85.2
Immediate action guidelines in the case of:
Wounds and hemorrhages	0.3	0.7	3.0	28.6	67.4
Trauma	0.3	1.6	9.5	31.9	56.6
Sprains	0	3.3	11.5	44.7	40.5
Burns	0.3	1.3	7.9	36.5	53.9
Bites and stings	0.3	1.3	7.9	34.2	56.3
Altered state of consciousness: unconsciousness, epilepsy ...	0.3	2.6	6.3	23.7	67.1
Seizures	0.7	2.0	6.6	19.4	71.4
Asthmatic crisis	0.3	1.3	3.6	22.7	72.0
Cardiorespiratory arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation	0.7	1.6	7.6	20.1	70.1
Poisoning due to liquid/chemical solids intake	0.7	1.0	4.9	26.6	66.8
Allergy due to celiac disease, lactose intolerance ...	0.3	1.3	5.6	22.4	70.4
Diabetes (high blood sugar)	0.3	0.7	3.3	22.4	73.4
Choking or ingestion of foreign bodies	0.3	1.0	1.6	16.8	80.3
First Aid	0	0.7	2.3	10.9	86.2

	%
	Curriculum	Own account	No
Promotion of healthy habits and lifestyles:
Healthy eating	90.1	5.9	3.9
Free games and child psychomotricity	94.4	2.6	3
Night sleep disorders and daytime rest in childhood	71.7	4.3	24
Hygiene, personal hygiene	74.3	6.9	18.8
Oral Health	42.1	8.2	49.7
Correction of bad hygienic habits: nose picking, nail biting...	33.9	5.3	60.9
Postural hygiene (correct postures)	47.7	6.6	45.7
Prevention:
Adaptation of school facilities and materials for the prevention of child accidents	52	6.9	41.1
Prevention of communicable diseases in the school environment	33.2	8.2	58.6
Immunization schedule information	23	6.9	70.1
Prevention of learning difficulties related to organic disorders of development	77.6	4.3	17.8
Prevention of child abuse	51.6	5.6	42.8
Immediate action guidelines in the case of:
Wounds and hemorrhages	38.2	14.1	47.7
Trauma	32.6	11.5	55.9
Sprains	27.3	10.9	61.8
Burns	34.2	13.8	52
Bites and stings	26	11.5	62.5
Altered state of consciousness: unconsciousness, epilepsy ...	27.3	10.5	62.2
Asthmatic crisis	24	10.5	65.5
Cardiorespiratory arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation	22.7	13.8	63.5
Poisoning due to liquid/chemical solids intake	26.6	12.2	61.2
Allergy due to celiac disease, lactose intolerance ...	28.9	11.5	59.5
Diabetes (high blood sugar)	37.2	10.2	52.6
Choking or ingestion of foreign bodies	36.5	13.2	50.3
First Aid	36.5	17.4	46.1

	%
Adaptation of school facilities and materials for the prevention of child accidents	36.7
Prevention of communicable diseases in the school environment	27.4
Immunization schedule information	5.3
Prevention of learning difficulties related to organic disorders of development	43.3
Prevention of child abuse	64.4
Healthy eating	62.9
Free games and child psychomotricity	57.1
Night sleep disorders and daytime rest in childhood	14.9
Hygiene, personal hygiene	30.3
Oral Health	4.5
Correction of bad hygienic habits: nose picking, nail biting...	10.4
Postural hygiene (correct postures)	17.7
Wounds and hemorrhages	25.2
Trauma	7.6
Sprains	3.1
Burns	4.9
Bites and stings	6.1
Altered state of consciousness: unconsciousness, epilepsy ...	15.6
Asthmatic crisis	13.3
Cardiorespiratory arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation	21.9
Poisoning due to liquid/chemical solids intake	6.8
Allergy due to celiac disease, lactose intolerance ...	10.7
Diabetes (high blood sugar)	11.1
Choking or ingestion of foreign bodies	23.3
First Aid	76.9

University	Subject	Course	Department
Almería	Nutrition education in the classroom of 0-6 years	1º	Teaching of experimental sciences
	Motricity, health and comprehensive development in childhood	1º	Physical and sports education
	Learning difficulties	2º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
	Physical activity, healthy habits and quality of life	2º	Physical and sports education
Granada	Motricity in child education	1º	Teaching of musical, plastic and corporal expression
	Childhood health and nutrition education	2º	Teaching of experimental sciences
	Streamlining development and risk prevention in the classroom of early childhood education		- Teaching and school organization
	Applied development psychology	3º	-Evolutionary and educational psychology
	Learning difficulties	3º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
	Early care in child development	4º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
Málaga	Child health, hygiene and feeding	2º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
Málaga	Child psychological well-being	2º	Teaching of experimental sciences
Jaén	Development psychology	1º	Psychology of development and education
	Health education: teaching and psychological aspects	2º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
	Motricity and health	2º	-Evolutionary and educational psychology
Seville	Child health: motor and artistic education	1º	-Teaching of experimental sciences
	Developmental and learning difficulties	2º	Teaching of musical, plastic and corporal expression
	Psychopathology and child health	2º	-Physical education and sports
	Developmental biology	3º	-Teaching of musical and plastic expression
	Early care and early stimulation	4º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
Huelva	Childhood health disorder	1º	Clinical, experimental and social psychology
Huelva	Health and consumption education of 0-6 years	2º	Teaching of science and philosophy
Cádiz	There are no subjects related to EpS
Córdoba	Health biological bases	2º	-Botany, ecology and plant physiology -Artistic and corporal education -Cell biology, physiology and immunology
	Prevention and identification of developmental disorders and learning difficulties in childhood	3º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
	Health psychology	3º	Evolutionary and educational psychology
	Health and consumption education	4º	Teaching of social and experimental sciences

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[1] Collaborations

V Llorent-Bedmar and V Cobano-Delgado participated in the conception and design of the work and data collection. V Llorent-Bedmar elaborated the methodological part. V Cobano-Delgado analyzed the data. Both authors participated in the interpretation of the results, the drafting of the manuscript, the critical review of the text, and the approval of its final version.