Academic migration and marijuana use among undergraduate students: evidences from a sample in southern Brazil

Demenech, Lauro Miranda; Dumith, Samuel C.; Paludo, Simone dos Santos; Neiva-Silva, Lucas

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018248.27292017

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (8) • Aug 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018248.27292017 copy

Academic migration and marijuana use among undergraduate students: evidences from a sample in southern Brazil

Migração acadêmica e uso de maconha entre estudantes de graduação: evidências de uma amostra do sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of marijuana use in the last month, its associated factors and its relationship with academic migration among undergraduate students of a federal university in southern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study and data were collected through self-administered questionnaire. A systematic sampling process was conducted. To data analyses, it was used Poisson regression with robust adjust for variance. Overall, 1,423 students participated. The prevalence of marijuana use in the last month was 16.8% (95%CI 14.8% to 18.8%). Data showed that the greater the distance of the city prior to university entry, the higher the prevalence of marijuana use in the last month. Being male, having less age, being single, not having religious practices, having relatives and friends who have used any illicit drug, and having tobacco use in the last month were also risk factors. We understand that academic migration within the country tends to decrease students contact with family and increase vulnerability to peer influence, which may lead to a higher probability of marijuana use in this sample. The results highlights the importance to develop projects of illicit drug use prevention focused on this risky subgroup.

Key words
Marijuana; Cannabis; Academic migration; Illicit drugs; Undergraduate students

Variable	n (%)
Sex (N = 1,401)
Female	711 (50.7)
Male	690 (49.3)
Age (N = 1,307)
18 to 21 years	520 (39.8)
22 to 25 years	362 (27.7)
26 to 29 years	153 (11.7)
30 years or more	272 (20.8)
Skin color (N = 1,410)
White	1,109 (78.7)
Black	94 (6.6)
Brown or yellow	207 (14.7)
Marital status (N = 1,412)
Single	595 (42.1)
In a relationship	477 (57.9)
Academic migration (N = 1,387)
City of the university	780 (56.2)
Neighbor cities	111 (8.0)
Cities of the same state	391 (20.2)
Cities of other states	216 (15.6)
Religious practice (N = 1,414)
Never	563 (39.8)
Annually	343 (24.3)
Monthly	265 (18.7)
Weekly or daily	243 (17.2)
Relatives that used illicit drug (N = 1,399)
No	1,219 (87.1)
Yes	180 (12.9)
Friend that used illicit drug (N = 1,410)
No	511 (36.3)
Yes	897 (63.7)
Tobacco use
Last month use (N = 1,415)	228 (16.1)
Marijuana use
Lifetime use (N = 1,416)	573 (40.5)
Last year use (N = 1,416)	338 (23.9)
Last month use (N = 1,412)	237 (16.8)

Level	Variable	%	Crude PR (CI95%)	Adjusted PR (CI95%)
1^st	Sex		p < 0.001	p < 0.001
	Female	13.2%	1	1
	Male	20.7%	1.60 (1.25 - 2.06)	1.65 (1.28 - 2.13)
	Age		p < 0.001¹ 1 Wald's test for linear trend.	p < 0.001¹ 1 Wald's test for linear trend.
	18 to 21 years	23.0%	6.73 (3.59 - 12.61)	6.73 (3.62 - 12.53)
	22 to 25 years	19.9%	5.74 (3.16 - 10.43)	5.54 (3.05 - 10.09)
	26 to 29 years	11.1%	3.13 (1.41 - 6.95)	2.94 (1.32 - 6.56)
	30 years or more	3.4%	1	1
	Skin color		p = 0.088	p = 0.390
	White	17.6%	1	1
	Black, brown or yellow	13.5%	0.76 (0.56 - 1.04)	0.88 (1.29 - 6.44)
	Family income		p = 0.718	p = 0.385
	1^st quartile (lower)	17.1%	1	1
	2^nd quartile	17.7%	1.05 (0.79 - 1.41)	1.21 (0.89 - 1.66)
	3^rd quartile	14.7%	0.87 (0.58 - 1.30)	0.91 (0.60 - 1.40)
	4^th quartile (higher)	18.1%	1.06 (0.77 - 1.44)	1.09 (0.77 - 1.56)
2^nd	Marital status		p < 0.001	p = 0.001
	Single	22.6%	1.87 (1.52 - 2.30)	1.48 (1.17 - 1.86)
	In a relationship	12.4%	1	1
	Academic migration		p < 0.001¹ 1 Wald's test for linear trend.	p = 0.010¹ 1 Wald's test for linear trend.
	City of the university or neighbor cities	13.3%	1	1
	Cities of the same state	19.5%	1.45 (1.08 - 1.96)	1.20 (0.89 - 1.61)
	Cities of other states	27.1%	2.01 (1.55 - 2.62)	1.50 (1.11 - 2.02)
	Religious practice		p < 0.001¹ 1 Wald's test for linear trend.	p < 0.001¹ 1 Wald's test for linear trend.
	Never	25.4%	1	1
	Annually	15.3%	0.61 (0.43 - 0.85)	0.59 (0.42 - 0.84)
	Monthly	11.9%	0.48 (0.33 - 0.71)	0.65 (0.44 - 0.95)
	Weekly or daily	4.6%	0.18 (0.11 - 0.31)	0.28 (0.17 - 0.47)
3^rd	Relatives that used illicit drug		p < 0.001	p < 0.001
	No	14.8%	1	1
	Yes	31.5%	2.14 (1.68 - 2.72)	1.76 (1.40 - 2.22)
	Friend that used illicit drug		p < 0.001	p < 0.001
	No	2.9%	1	1
	Yes	24.9%	8.30 (4.75 - 14.47)	4.60 (2.78 - 7.61)
	Tobacco use in the last month		p < 0.001	p < 0.001
	No	11.1%	1	1
	Yes	46.7%	4.23 (3.45 - 5.19)	2.94 (2.27 - 3.81)

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[1] Collaborations

LM Demenech - worked on the design of the research, fieldwork, data analysis and interpretation and writing of the manuscript. SS Paludo - worked on the design of the research, review and approval of the final version of the manuscript to be published. SC Dumith - worked as general coordinator of the fieldwork, in data analysis and manuscript review. L Neiva-Silva - worked on the design of research, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript and approval of the version to be published.