Hardy et al. (2011), EUA77 Hardy H, Kumar V, Doros G, Farmer E, Drainoni ML, Rybin D, Myung D, Jackson J, Backman E, Stanic A, Skolnik PR. Randomized controlled trial of a personalized cellular phone reminder system to enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2011; 25(3):153-161.
|
SMS |
23
IG: 10/ CG: 9 |
6 weeks |
The mean adherence was 79% through self-report and 65% by counting tablets at the onset of the study in both groups. Over 6 weeks, adherence increased in the IG concerning: tablet count [ M:76.3% ± SD: 20.5], self-report [M: 83.1% ± SD: 26.2], DEM [M: 73.9% ± SD: 27.3] and composite adherence score [M: 70.6% ± SD: 24.8] |
Lester et al. (2010), Quênia88 Lester RT, Ritvo P, Mills EJ, Kariri A, Karanja S, Chung MH, Jack W, Habyarimana J, Sadatsafavi M, Najafzadeh M, Marra CA, Estambale B, Ngugi E, Ball T, Thabane L, Gelmon LJ, Kimani J, Ackers M, Plummer FA. Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1):a randomised trial. The Lancet 2010; 376 (9755):1838-1845.
|
SMS |
538 IG: 273/CG: 265 |
48 weeks |
Adherence was reported by 168 of the 273 patients of the IG compared to 132 of the 265 of the CG ( RR for non-adherence = 0.81; [95% CI=0.69-0.94; p=0.006) |
Pop-Eleches et al. (2011), Quênia99 Pop-eleches C, Thirumurthy H, Habyarimana JP, Zivin JG, Goldstein MP, DeWalque D, MacKeen L, Haberer J, Kimaiyo S, Sidle J, Ngare D, Bangsberg DR. Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. AIDS 2011; 25(6):825-834.
|
SMS |
431 IG: 302/CG:139 |
48 weeks |
90% IG adherence compared to 40% CG adherence (p=0.03) |
Maduka; Tobin-West (2013), Nigéria1010 Maduka O, Tobin-West CI. Adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2013; 16(3):302-308.
|
SMS |
104 IG: 52/CG:52 |
16 weeks |
76.9% of the patients in the IG adhered to the drug treatment as opposed to 55.8% in the CG (p=0.022). The IG CD4 + lymphocyte count increased to 578.0 cells/ml compared to 361.5 cells/ml recorded in the CG (p=0.007) |
Dowshen et al. (2012), EUA1717 Dowshen N, Kuhns LM, Johnson A, Holoyda BJ, Garofalo R. Improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy for youth living with HIV/AIDS: a pilot study using personalized, interactive, daily text message reminders. J Med Internet Res 2012; 14(2):e51.
|
SMS |
25 IG e CG: information not available |
24 weeks |
Self-reported adherence increased in the IG compared to baseline (74.7) in weeks 12 (93.3) (p<0.001) and 24 (93.1) (p <0.001) |
Kalichman et al. (2011), EUA1818 Kalichman SC, Kalichman MO, Cherry C, Swetzes C, Amaral CM, White D, Jones M, Grebler T, Eaton L. Brief behavioral self-regulation counseling for HIV treatment adherence delivered by cell phone: an initial test of concept trial. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2011; 25(5):303-310.
|
Telephone calls |
40 IG: 21/CG: 19 |
16 weeks |
Adherence was improved in the IG from 87% of the tablets taken at the onset of the intervention to 94% at the end of the intervention (p<0.01) |
Belzer et al. (2014), EUA1919 Belzer ME, Naar-King S, Olson J, Sarr M, Thornton S, Kahana SY, Gaur AH, Clark LF. The use of cell phone support for non-adherent HIV-infected youth and young adults: an initial randomized and controlled intervention trial. AIDS Behav 2014; 18(4):686-696.
|
Telephone calls |
37 IG: 19/CG: 18 |
24 weeks |
Self-reported adherence was higher in IG compared to CG (p=0.007) |
Swendeman et al. (2015), EUA2020 Swendeman D, Jana S, Ray P, Mindry D, Das M, Bhakta B. Development and Pilot Testing of Daily Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Calls to Support Antiretroviral Adherence in India: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study. AIDS Behav 2015; 2(19 Supl.):142-155.
|
Cellphone application |
50 IG: 34/CG: 16 |
6 weeks |
The correlations were relatively high in the IG and CG by including 100% adherence of the participants ( r=0.70-0.73) |
Rana et al. (2016), EUA2121 Rana AI, Van den Berg JJ, Lamy E, Beckwith CG. Using a Mobile Health Intervention to Support HIV Treatment Adherence and Retention Among Patients at Risk for Disengaging with Care. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2016; 30(4):178-184.
|
SMS |
32 enrolled 20 concluded IG and CG: information not available |
24 weeks |
18 of the 32 participants had a viral load < 20 copies/ml at the onset of the study, and 25 (78%) participants had viral suppression (< 20 copies/ml, p=0.002) |
Garofalo et al. (2016), Chicago2222 Garofalo R, Kuhns LM, Hotton A, Johnson A, Muldoon A, Rice D. A randomized controlled trial of personalized text message reminders to promote medication adherence among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults. AIDS and Behavior. 2016; 20(5):1049-1059.
|
SMS |
109 IG: 55/CG: 54 |
48 weeks |
The mean adherence between the IG was higher than in the CG (95% CI: 0.91-13.9), and the odds ratio for ≥ 90% adherence was 2.57 (95% CI: 1.01-6.54). Adherence increased from 28% at baseline to 64% at 3 months and slightly decreased to 61% at 6 months' follow-up in the IG, whereas the CG achieved 24% at baseline and 43% and 51% at baseline at 3 and 6 months' follow-up, respectively. |
Perera et al. (2014), Uganda2323 Perera AI, Thomas MG, Moore JO, Faasse K, Petrie KJ. Effect of a smartphone application incorporating personalized health-related imagery on adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a randomized clinical trial. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2014; 28(11):579-586.
|
Cellphone application |
28 IG: 17/CG: 11 |
12 weeks |
IG showed better adherence (p=0.03) when compared to CG |
Orrell et al. (2015), África2424 Orrell C, Cohen K, Mauff K, Bangsberg DR, Maartens G, Wood R. A randomized controlled trial of real-time electronic adherence monitoring with text message dosing reminders in people starting first-line antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 70(5):495-502.
|
SMS |
230 IG: 115/CG: 115 |
48 weeks |
Adherence was 82.1% in the IG compared to 80.4% in the CG [OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.77-1.52] |
Sabin et al. (2015), China2525 Sabin LL, Bachman DSM, Gill CJ, Zhong L, Vian T, Xie W, Cheng F, Xu K, Lan G, Haberer JE, Bangsberg DR, Li Y, Lu H, Gifford AL. Improving Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy With Triggered Real-time Text Message Reminders: The China Adherence Through Technology Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69(5):551-559.
|
SMS |
119 IG: 63/CG: 56 |
24 weeks |
Adherence was similar in the two groups, with improved adherence by 52 of the 63 of the IG (82.5%) compared to 29 of the 56 of the CG (51.8%) (RR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.21-2.10 p<0.001) |
Shet et al. (2014), India2626 Shet A, De Costa A, Kumarasamy N, Rodrigues R, Rewari BB, Ashorn P, Eriksson B, Diwan V. Effect of mobile telephone reminders on treatment outcome in HIV: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in India. BMJ 2014; 349:g5978.
|
Telephone calls and SMS |
631 IG: 315/CG: 316 |
96 weeks |
Adherence was similar between IG and CG (RR 1.24 [CI=95%] = 0.93-1.65, p= 0.14) |
Swendeman et al. (2015), Índia2727 Swendeman D, Comulada WS, Ramanathan N, Lazar M, Estrin D. Reliability and Validity of Daily Self-Monitoring by Smartphone Application for Health-Related Quality-of-Life, Antiretroviral Adherence, Substance Use, and Sexual Behaviors Among People Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2015; 19(2):330-340.
|
SMS |
90 IG: 46/CG: 44 |
4 weeks |
In the GI, missed doses of medications were reduced from 39% to 18%, and ratios of missed doses fell from 44% to 17% |
Abdulrahman et al. (2017), Malásia2828 Abdulrahman SA, Rampal L, Ibrahim F, Radhakrishnan AP, Shahar HK, Othman N. Mobile phone reminders and peer counseling improve adherence and treatment outcomes of patients on ART in Malaysia: A randomized clinical trial. PloS one 2017; 12(5):e0177698.
|
SMS and Telephone calls |
224 IG: 116/CG: 108 |
24 weeks |
Adherence was higher in the IG (95.7; 95% CI: 94.39-96.97) than in the CG (87.5; 95% CI: 86.14-88.81). An increased CD4 + lymphocyte count (p = 0.017) was found in the IG, and the viral load was higher (p=0.001) in the CG |
Costa et al., (2012), Brasil2929 Costa TM, Barbosa BJ, Gomes E, Costa DA, Sigulem D, De Fátima MH, Filho AC, Pisa IT. Results of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a mobile SMS-based intervention on treatment adherence in HIV/AIDS-infected Brazilian women and impressions and satisfaction with respect to incoming messages. Int J Med Inform 2012; 81(4):257-269.
|
SMS |
21 IG: 8/CG: 13 |
20 weeks |
The adherence of the participants in the IG was higher than in the CG (tablet counts [50.0% in the IG and 38.4% in CG], self-report [100.0% in the IG and 84.6% in CG], DEM [75.0% in the IG and 46.1% in the CG], but no statistically significant difference was found between the results |