Frailty and associated risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis

Gesualdo, Gabriela Dutra; Duarte, Juliana Gomes; Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana; Kusumota, Luciana; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza

doi:10.1590/1413-812320202511.03482019

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FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (11) • Nov 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202511.03482019 copy

Frailty and associated risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this article is to determine the relationship between frailty and socio-demographic/clinical characteristics in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 107 participants. Descriptive, correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed, with the level of significance set to 5% (p < 0.05). The prevalence of frailty was 47.66%. Frailty was negatively correlated with cognition (r = -0.30; p = 0.002), functioning on instrumental activities of daily living (r = -0.41; p = 0.000) and hematocrit level (r = -0.19; p = 0.04). The proportion of frailty increased with the age of the participants (OR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.004-1.069; p = 0.02). Individuals with chronic kidney disease on dialysis had high percentages of frailty, which was associated with an older age and correlated with cognition, functioning on instrumental activities of daily living and a lower hemotocrit level.

Key words
Adult Health; Health of the Elderly; Frailty; Chronic Kidney Failure; Dialysis

Variable	Mean (SD†)	Median	Range	Distribution in categories	n	%
Sex	--	--	--	Male Female	72 35	67.30 32.70
Age (years)	54.30 (14.85)	56.00	22-85	20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89	7 15 22 18 25 18 2	6.54 14.01 20.56 16.82 23.36 16.82 1.89
Schooling (years)	7.26 (4.10)	8.00	0-20	0 1-4 5-8 9-12 13-16 17-20	3 41 18 16 28 1	2.80 38.31 16.82 14.95 26.16 0.96
Time on dialysis (months)	48.91 (46.81)	36.00	6-264	6 Ⱶ 18 18 Ⱶ 30 30 Ⱶ 42 42 Ⱶ 54 54 Ⱶ 66 66├┤264	26 23 8 12 12 26	24.30 21.50 7.48 11.21 11.21 24.30

	Age	Cognition (ACE-R)	Functioning (Lawton)	Hematocrit
Phenotype
r†	-0.15	-0.30	-0.41	-0.19
p‡	0.11	0.002	0.000	0.04
n§	107	107	107	107

Variables	Categories	p-value	OR†	95%CI OR‡
Skin color	White (ref)	0,44	0,71	0,30-1,69
Non-white	0.44	0.71	0.30-1.69	0,82-1,40
Income per capita	Continuous variable	0.56	1.08	0.82-1.40
Age	Continuous variable	0.02	1.03	1.004-1.069
Time on dialysis	Continuous variable	0.07	0.99	0.98 - 1.00
Cognition (ACE-R)	Continuous variable	0.67	0.99	0.98 -1.01

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[1] Collaborations

GD Gesualdo contributed substantially to the planning, analysis and interpretation of the data. In addition, contributed significantly to the elaboration of the article. Also participated in the approval of the final version of the manuscript. JG Duarte contributed significantly to the elaboration of the article and the critical review of the content. MS Zazzetta contributed substantially to the preparation of the article and the critical review of the content. L Kusumota contributed substantially to the elaboration of the article and the critical review of the content. FS Orlandi contributed substantially to the conception, planning, analysis and interpretation of the data. In addition, contributed significantly to the preparation of the article and critical review of the content. All authors participated in the approval of the final version of the manuscript.