Ultraprocessed food consumption and factors associated with a sample of public school bases in the South of Brazil

Andretta, Vitória; Siviero, Josiane; Mendes, Karina Giane; Motter, Fabiane Raquel; Theodoro, Heloísa

doi:10.1590/1413-81232021264.04422019

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

FREE THEMES • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 26 (4) • Apr 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021264.04422019 copy

Ultraprocessed food consumption and factors associated with a sample of public school bases in the South of Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the consumption of ultraprocessed foods and its association with sociodemographic, behavioral and nutritional factors in schoolchildren from public schools in Caxias do Sul-RS. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,309 students aged 6-16 years. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods was obtained by means of a questionnaire according to the self-report of the student. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to evaluate the characteristics of the students. A Poisson regression analysis was performed following a statistical hierarchical modeling to determine factors associated with outcome. Results with p value ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A high prevalence of ultraprocessed food consumption was identified (69.7%) among schoolchildren. After adjusted analysis, higher prevalence of ultraprocessed food consumption was associated with buying/taking snacks to school and snacking. Nutritional counseling was also associated with protection against the consumption of these foods. Nutrition education actions are necessary for schoolchildren and caregivers in order to reduce the consumption of ultraprocessed foods by schoolchildren, especially in snacks.

Key words
Obesity; Diet; Food and Nutrition; Food Consumption; Child health; Cross-sectional studies

Characteristics	N (%)	Ultraprocessed foods consumption
Characteristics	N (%)	%	Value p
Gender			0.27^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
Male	513 (45.5)	72.4
Female	615 (54.5)	69.4
Age			0.71^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
6 to 11	796 (70.5)	70.1
12 to 16	332 (29.4)	69.0
Skin Color			0.26^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
White	641 (56.8)	71.1
Mixed/Black/Other	487 (43.2)	68.0
Grade/Year			0.95^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
1st to 4th	665 (59.0)	69.6
5th to 9th	463 (41.0)	69.8
School attendance			0.25^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
Morning	496 (44.0)	71.5
Afternoon	630 (56.0)	68.9
Parents' Level of Education (n=849)			0.46^ Value p for Chi-square test for linear tendency.
Primary, incomplete	249 (25.3)	69.1
Primary, complete	228 (23.2)	71.5
High School, complete	405 (41.2)	70.9
College, complete	102 (10.4)	63.5
Family income (R$ - Reais)			0.32^ Value p for Chi-square test for linear tendency.
<1600	307 (33.5)	67.4
1600 to 2600	304 (33.1)	72.8
>2600	306 (33.4)	70.7
Consumes School Meals			0.22^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
Yes	938 (91.2)	71.9
No	90 (8.8)	66.0
Buys/takes lunch to school			0.007^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	571 (55.5)	68.1
Yes	457 (44.5)	75.3
Nutritional Counseling			<0.001^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	809 (78.7)	73.4
Yes	219 (21.3)	61.6
Breakfast			0.008^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	252 (22.4)	64.8
Yes	874 (77.6)	73.3
Morning Snack			<0.001^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	475 (42.2)	65.7
Yes	650 (57.8)	75.7
Lunch			<0.001^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	10 (0.9)	40.0
Yes	1116 (99.1)	71.7
Afternoon snack			0.008^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	105 (9.3)	60.4
Yes	1021 (90.7)	72.6
Dinner			0.25^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	38 (3.4)	63.2
Yes	1088 (96.6)	71.7
Supper/Evening snack			<0.001^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	603 (53.5)	63.9
Yes	523 (46.5)	80.1
Number of Meals			<0.001^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
≤3	126 (11.1)	47.6
>3	1007 (88.9)	74.5
Excess weight			0.20^* * Value p for Chi-square test to compare proportions;
No	733 (65.0)	72.4
Yes	395 (35.0)	62.9

Variable	Gross Analysis		Adjusted Analysis
Variable	RP (CI95%)	Value p*	RP (CI95%)	Value p*
1st Level - Sociodemographic
Gender		0.26
Male	1.00
Female	0.95 (0.88-1.03)
Age
6 to 11	1.00	0.71
12 to 16	0.98 (0.90-1.07)
Skin Color		0.26
White	1.00
Mixed/Black/Other	0.96 (0.89-1.03)
Grade/Year		0.95
1st to 4th	1.00
5th to 9th	1.01 (0.93-1.08)
School attendance		0.25
Morning	1.00
Afternoon	0.95 (0.89-1.03)
Parents' Level of Education (n=849)		0.52
Primary, incomplete	1.00
Primary, complete	1.03 (0.92-1.16)
High School, complete	1.02 (0.93-1.16)
College, complete	0.92 (0.78-1.09)
Family income (R$ - Reais)		0.33
<1600	1.00
1600 to 2600	1.08 (0.98-1.20)
>2600	1.05 (0.95-1.16)
2nd Level - Eating
Consumes School Meals		0.25
Yes	1.00
No	1.09 (0.94-1.26)
Buys/takes lunch to school		0.007		0.02
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.10 (1.03-1.19)		1.09 (1.02-1.17)
Nutritional Counseling		0.002		0.002
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	0.84 (0.75-0.94)		0.85 (0.76-0.94)
Breakfast		0.01		0.55
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.13 (1.02-1.25)		1.03 (0.94-1.14)
Morning Snack		0.0004		0.006
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.15 (1.07-1.25)		1.12 (1.03-1.21)
Lunch		0.13		0.17
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.79 (0.83-3.83)		1.66 (0.80-3.46)
Afternoon snack		0.02		0.06
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.20 (1.03-1.41)		1.19 (0.99-1.36)
Dinner		0.31
No	1.00
Yes	1.14 (0.88-1.45)
Supper/Evening snack		<0.001		<0.001
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.25 (1.16-1.35)		1.22 (1.13-1.32)
Number of Meals		<0.001
≤3	1.00
>3	1.56 (1.30-1.59)
3rd Level
Excess Weight		0.21
No	1.00
Yes	0.95 (0.88-1.03)

ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva Av. Brasil, 4036 - sala 700 Manguinhos, 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, Tel.: +55 21 3882-9153 / 3882-9151 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Collaborations

H Theodoro, FR Motter, J Siviero and KG Mendes participated in the design of the project and the data collection instrument and supervised the fieldwork. H Theodoro and FR Motter performed the data analysis. H Theodoro and V Andreatta were responsible for reviewing the literature and writing the final article. All authors critically reviewed and approved the final version.