Neuropsychological and Educational Profile of Children with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia: A Comparative Study

Pestun, Magda Solange Vanzo; Roama-Alves, Rauni Jandé; Ciasca, Sylvia Maria

doi:10.1590/1413-82712019240404

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Papers • Psico-USF 24 (4) • Oct-Dec 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712019240404 copy

Neuropsychological and Educational Profile of Children with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia: A Comparative Study

Perfil Neuropsicológico e Escolar de Crianças com Discalculia e Dislexia: Estudo Comparativo

Perfil Neuropsicológico y Educativo de los Niños con Discalculia y Dislexia: Estudio Comparativo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper aims to compare the neuropsychological and educational profiles of Brazilian children with dyscalculia (n = 8), dyslexia (n = 13) and without learning disabilities (n = 12). The neuropsychological profile was composed of: (a) intelligence - assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III); (b) attention - WISC-III Coding and Symbol Search subtests; (c) executive functions - Digit Span (backward order) and WISC-III Arithmetic subtests, Pseudoword Repetition Test for Brazilian Children, Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; (d) memory - WISC-III Digit Span subtest (forward order) and Rey Complex Figures. The educational profile was composed of reading, writing and mathematics, assessed by the Academic Performance Test and the Arithmetic Test. It was found that the groups with dyscalculia and dyslexia did not differentiate in any of the neuropsychological abilities, only in the reading and writing abilities. Neuropsychological variables that could explain these results were discussed.

Keywords:
Assessment; Arithmetic; Learning disorders

WISC-III	Groups						Mann-Whitney
	DD		DYSLEXIA		NCG
	Gross Scores
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
VIQ	83.87	17.43	76.84	14.01	94.08	19.80	NCG > DYSLEXIA*
PIQ	146.62	33.00	135.76	32.87	164.75	37.25	-
TIQ	230.50	48.21	212.61	41.25	252.83	52.18	-
CR	60.75	15.07	54.84	11.91	69.08	18.72	NCG > DYSLEXIA*
POI	93.37	23.69	84.38	28.47	92.25	33.42	-
RDI a,*	23.12	3.56	22.61	3.15	26.83	4.15	NCG > DYSLEXIA*
PSI a,*	53.25	10.22	51.38	11.98	67.41	14.58	NCG > DD*
							NCG > DYSLEXIA**
	DD Classification - f (%)
	VS	SP	HA	AV	LA	BL	EL
VIQ	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (25)	5 (62)	1 (12)	0 (0)	0 (0)
PIQ	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (50)	4 (50)	0 (0)	1 (7)	0 (0)
TIQ	0 (0)	1 (12)	2 (25)	5 (62)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
CR	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (25)	6 (75)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
POI	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (37)	5 (62)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
RDI	0 (0)	1 (12)	0 (0)	3 (37)	3 (37)	1 (12)	0 (0)
PSI	0 (0)	1 (12)	1 (12)	6 (75)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	Developmental Dyslexia Classification - f (%)
	VS	SP	HA	AV	LA	BL	EL
VIQ	1 (7)	0 (0)	10 (76)	0 (0)	2 (15)	0 (0)	0 (0)
PIQ	0 (0)	1 (7)	5 (38)	4 (30)	2 (15)	1 (7)	0 (0)
TIQ	0 (0)	1 (7)	3 (23)	9 (69)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
CR	0 (0)	1 (7)	1 (7)	10 (76)	1 (7)	0 (0)	0 (0)
POI	0 (0)	2 (15)	4 (30)	4 (30)	3 (23)	0 (0)	0 (0)
RDI	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (7)	9 (69)	2 (15)	1 (7)	0 (0)
PSI	0 (0)	1 (7)	2 (15)	8 (61)	2 (15)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	NCG Classification - f (%)
	VS	SP	HA	AV	LA	BL	EL
VIQ	4 (33)	2 (16)	1 (8)	2 (16)	3 (25)	0 (0)	0 (0)
PIQ	3 (25)	2 (16)	4 (33)	1 (8)	2 (16)	0 (0)	0 (0)
TIQ	4 (33)	1 (8)	4 (33)	2 (16)	1 (8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
CR	4 (33)	2 (16)	2 (16)	2 (16)	2 (16)	0 (0)	0 (0)
POI	2 (16)	2 (16)	2 (16)	4 (33)	2 (16)	0 (0)	0 (0)
RDI	3 (25)	2 (16)	2 (16)	3 (25)	1 (8)	1 (8)	0 (0)
PSI	3 (25)	3 (25)	2 (16)	4 (33)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Instruments	Groups						Mann-Whitney
	DD		DYSLEXIA		NCG
	Gross Scores
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Attention
Coding a,*	34.12	6.87	32.61	7.98	43.00	9.95	NCG > DD *
							NCG > DYSLEXIA**
Symbol Search a,*	19.12	3.72	18.76	4.58	24.41	6.25	NCG > DD *
							NCG > DYSLEXIA*
Executive Functions
Digit Span (backward order)	3.28	1.38	3.84	2.51	4.37	2.44	-
Arithmetic	13.12	1.80	13.38	2.06	14.33	1.96	-
PRBC	37.62	1.76	35.69	3.94	37.00	5.16	NCG > DYSLEXIA*
Stroop Test
Time (sec) - Card 1 a,*	25.25	4.83	30.07	7.17	22.75	4.61	NCG > DYSLEXIA**
No. errors	0.25	0.46	0.15	0.55	0.00	0.00	-
Time (sec) - Card 2	35.50	7.23	33.69	9.47	32.91	9.55	-
No. errors	0.50	1.06	0.07	0.27	0.75	1.42	-
Time (sec) - Card 3	41.75	13.24	45.46	31.37	40.66	14.92	-
No. errors	0.87	1.12	0.23	0.43	0.83	1.40	-
WCST
No. categories completed	4.37	1.99	4.15	1.81	5.08	1.31	-
No. tests (max. 128)	114.12	17.85	120.69	17.84	115.50	17.44	-
Persistent Errors (max 128)	29.00	24.61	35.00	22.82	22.33	13.81	-
Total correct responses	71.12	15.99	62.23	16.58	73.33	14.81	-
Total errors	43.00	25.19	58.46	25.41	42.25	21.83	-
Failure to maintaining the context	1.00	1.41	0.46	0.87	1.58	1.24	NCG > DYSLEXIA*
Memory
Digit a,**	3.28	1.38	3.84	2.51	4.37	2.44	NCG > DD **
							NCG > DYSLEXIA**
RCFT
Copy	35.00	29.27	27.30	26.81	34.16	28.02	-
Memory	26.25	17.87	25.53	24.45	35.00	36.36	-
Time copy	44.62	22.89	35.15	28.18	37.91	20.27	-
Time memory	35.87	23.55	22.25	11.02	31.08	19.89	-

Instruments	Groups						Mann-Whitney
	DD		DYSLEXIA		NCG
	Gross Scores
	A	SD	A	SD	A	SD
APT
Reading a,***	63.25	6.79	44.76	21.17	66.66	2.22	NCG > DYSLEXIA***
							DD > DYSLEXIA**
Writing a,**	24.12	5.16	13.92	8.28	25.41	5.46	NCG > DYSLEXIA***
							DD > DYSLEXIA**
Arithmetic	13.37	5.18	11.23	4.95	13.66	3.65	-
Total a,**	100.87	14.20	69.92	30.71	105.75	8.94	NCG > DYSLEXIA***
							DD > DYSLEXIA**
Arithmetic Test	41.12	14.56	35.53	12.83	43,08	10,78	-

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