Physical activity patterns in adults: prevalence and associated factors

Fraga, Nathalia Cristine; Maciel, Nicoly Machado; Genebra, Caio Vitor dos Santos; Candido, José Paulo; Bento, Thiago Paulo Frascareli; Cornelio, Guilherme Porfírio; Biancon, Rangel dal Bello; Vitta, Alberto De

doi:10.1590/1414-462X201800030329

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Original Article • Cad. saúde colet. 26 (03) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X201800030329 copy

Physical activity patterns in adults: prevalence and associated factors

Padrão de atividade física em adultos: prevalência e fatores associados

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Insufficient practice of physical activity associated with some factors related to life habits increase the risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases and reduce quality of life.

Objective

Identify the pattern of physical activity and associated factors in adults aged ≥20 years.

Method

A cross-sectional, population survey conducted with 600 individuals. Data on demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral aspects, work, and physical activities were collected through home interviews. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed.

Results

Prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 35.0% (95% CI: 31.2-38.9). Zero to four years of schooling [PR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.15], working in sitting position [PR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.02-2.48], and number of days at the computer [PR=4.60; 95% CI: 2.38-14.28] remained in the final model for females, whereas 0-4 years [PR=2.30; 95% CI: 1.21-4.06] or 5-8 years [PR=3.70; 95% CI: 0.79-4.00] of schooling, working in sitting position [PR=2.22 95% CI: 1.36-3.62], number of days at the computer [PR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.26-3.32], and number of days of TV viewing [PR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.03-4.36] remained in the final model for males.

Conclusion

High prevalence of insufficient practice of physical activity is associated with schooling, working in sitting position, and number of days at the computer and TV viewing.

Keywords:
sedentary lifestyle; cross-sectional studies; physical activity; associated factors

Factors	Gender
	Male		Female
	N	% (95% CI)	N	% (95% CI)
Schooling
0-4 years	52	17.3 (13.5 - 22.0)	70	23.3 (18.9 - 28.4)
5-8 years	65	21.7 (17.4 - 26.7)	64	21.3 (17.1 - 26.3)
9-11 years	126	42.0 (36.6 - 47.7)	118	39.3 (34.0 - 45.0)
>12 years	57	19.0 (15.0 - 23.8)	48	16.1 (12.3 - 20.6)
Race
White	237	79.0 (74.0 - 83.2)	243	81.0 (76.2 - 85.0)
African descent	17	5.7 (3.6 - 8.9)	21	7.0 (4.6 - 10.5)
Brown/Mulatto	46	15.3 (11.7 - 19.8)	36	12.0 (8.8 - 16.2)
Marital Status
Married	180	60.0 (54.4 - 65.4)	165	55.0 (49.3 - 60.5)
Single	85	28.3 (23.5 - 33.7)	65	21.7 (17.4 - 26.7)
Widowed/Divorced	35	11.7 (8.5 - 1587)	70	23.3 (18.9 - 28.4)
Income
Low	189	63.0 (57.4 - 68.3)	200	66.7 (61.2 - 71.8)
Middle	72	24.0 (19.5 - 29.1)	68	22.7 (18.3 - 27.7)
High	39	13.0 (9.7 - 17.3)	32	10.6 (7.7 - 14.7)
Tobacco use
Non-smoker	160	53.3 (47.7 - 58.9)	203	67.7 (62.2 - 72.7)
Former smoker	74	24.7 (20.1 - 29.8)	54	18.0 (14.1 - 22.7)
Smoker	66	22.0 (17.7 - 27.0)	43	14.3 (10.8 - 18.8)
Nutritional Status
Eutrophic	123	41.0 (35.6 - 46.6)	132	44.0 (38.5 - 49.7)
Pre-obese	116	38.7 (33.3 - 44.3)	96	32.0 (27.0 - 37.5)
Obese	61	20.3 (16.2 - 25.2)	72	24.0 (19.5 - 29.1)

Variable	Gender
	Male		Female
	N	% (95% CI)	N	% (95% CI)
TV viewing
No	17	5.7 (3.6 - 8.9)	17	5.6 (3.6 - 8.9)
Yes	283	94.3 (91.1 - 96.4)	283	94.3 (91.1 - 96.4)
TV/days
≤2	19	6.7 (4.3 - 10.2)	7	2.5 (1.2 - 5.0)
3-4	37	13.1 (9.6 - 17.5)	30	10.6 (7.5 - 14.7)
≥5	227	80.2 (75.2-84 - 4)	246	86.9 (82.5 - 90.4)
TV/hours/day
≤2	148	52.3 (46.4 - 58.0)	155	54.7 (48.9 - 60.4)
>3	135	47.7 (41.9 - 53.5)	128	45.2 (39.5 - 51.1)
Use of computer
No	142	47.3 (41.8 - 53.0)	172	57.3 (51.7 - 62.8)
Yes	158	52.7 (47.0 - 58.2)	128	42.7 (37.2 - 48.3)
Computer/days
≤2	17	10.8 (6.8 - 16.6)	20	15.6 (10.3 - 22.9)
3-4	23	14.6 (9.9 - 20.9)	13	10.2 (6.0 - 16.6)
≥5	118	74.7 (67.4 - 80.8)	95	74.2 (66.0 - 81.0)
Computer/hours/day
≤2	83	52.5 (44.8 - 60.2)	76	59.4 (50.7 - 67.5)
>3	75	47.5 (39.8 - 55.2)	52	40.6 (32.5 - 49.3)
Working hours/day
<7	27	9.0 (6.3 - 12.8)	77	25.7 (21.1 - 30.9)
≥7	273	91.0 (87.2 - 93.7)	223	74.3 (69.1 - 78.9)
Working in sitting position
Never/Rarely	110	36.7 (31.4 - 42.3)	113	53.2 (48.3 - 58.0)
Usually/Always	190	63.3 (57.7 - 68.6)	187	46.7 (41.9 - 51.6)
Heavy work
Never/ Rarely	71	23.7 (19.2 - 28.8)	71	23.7 (19.2 - 28.8)
Usually/Always	229	76.3 (71.2 - 80.8)	229	76.3 (71.2 - 80.8)

Variable	Insufficient practice of physical activities
	Female			Male
	n	%	PR (95% CI)	n	%	PR (95% CI)
Age group
20-35 years	57	57.0	1	67	67.0	1
36-59 years	63	63.0	1.11 (0.88 - 1.39)	70	70.0	1.04 (0.87 - 1.26)
≥60 years	69	69.0	1.21 (0.98 - 1.50)	64	64.0	0.96 (0.78 - 1.17)
Schooling
≥9 years	95	57.2	1	102	59.0	1
5-8 years	46	71.9	1.26 (1.03 - 1.54)	50	76.9	1.30 (1.09 - 1.57)
0-4 years	48	68.6	1.20 (0.98 - 1.47)	39	75.0	1.27 (1.04 - 1.55)
Race
White	154	63.4	1	158	66.7	1
African descent	14	66.7	1.05 (0.77 - 1.44)	11	64.7	0.97 (0.68 - 1.39)
Brown/Mulatto	21	58.3	0.92 (0.69 - 1.23)	32	69.6	1.04 (0.84 - 1.29)
Marital Status
Married	104	63.0	1	115	63.8	1
Single	35	53.8	0.85 (0.66 - 1.10)	61	71.8	1.12 (0.95 - 1.34)
Widowed/ Divorced	50	71.4	1.13 (0.94 - 1.37)	25	71.4	1.12 (0.88 - 1.42)
Income
High	30	63.8	1	19	48.7	1
Middle	40	58.8	0.92 (0.69 - 1.24)	49	68.1	1.40 (0.98 - 1.40)
Low	134		1.05 (0.83 - 1.33)	133	70.4	1.44 (1.02 - 2.02)
Tobacco use
Non-smoker	126	62.1	1	106	66.3	1
Former smoker	36	66.7	1.07 (0.86 - 1.33)	52	70.3	1.06 (0.88 - 1.28)
Smoker	27	62.8	1.01 (0.78 – 1.30)	43	65.2	0.98 (0.80 - 1.21)
Nutritional Status
Eutrophic	89	67.4	1	76	61.8	1
Pre-obese	53	55.2	0.82 (0.66 - 1.02)	82	70.7	1.14 (0.95 - 1.37)
Obese	47		0.97 (0.79 - 1.19)	43	70.5	1.14 (0.92 - 1.41)

Variable	Insufficient practice of physical activities
	Female			Male
	n	%	PR (95% CI)	n	%	(PR 95% CI)
TV/days
≤2	3	42.9	1	12	63.2	1
≥3	177	64.1	1.50 (0.63 – 3.54)	165	65.0	1.03 (0.72 – 1.47)
TV/hours/day
≤2	81	59.1	1	104	70.3	1
≥3	99	67.8	1.15 (0.96 – 1.37)	83	61.5	0.87 (0.74 – 1.04)
Computer/days
≤2	14	59.0	1	13	76.5	1
≥3	73	67.6	0.92 (0.70 – 1.32)	89	63.1	0.83 (0.62 – 1.11)
Computer/hours/day
≤2	35	59.3	1	54	67.5	1
≥3	52	75.4	1.27 (0.99 – 1.63)	57	73.1	1.08 (0.88 – 1.33)
Working hours/day
<7	39	50.6	1	17	63.0	1
≥8	150	67.3	1.33 (1.05 – 1.69)	184	67.0	1.07 (0.79 – 1.45)
Working in sitting position
Never/ Rarely	65	67.4	1	57	51.8	1
Usually/Always	126	57.5	1.17 (0.97 – 1.41)	134	70.5	1.36 (1.11 – 1.67)
Heavy work
Never/ Rarely	51	66.2	1	127	67.9	1
Usually/Always	140	62.8	0.95 (0.78 – 1.14)	64	56.6	0.83 (0.69 – 1.01)

Variable		p-value	PR (95% CI)
Male
Schooling	≥9		1
	5-8	0.001	3.70 (0.79 – 4.00)
	0-4	0.004	2.30 (1.21-4.06)
Number of days of TV viewing per week	≤2	1
Number of days of TV viewing per week	≥3	0.03	2.12 (1.03-4.36)
Number of days of computer use per week	≤2	1
Number of days of computer use per week	≥3	0.004	2.04 (1.26-3.32)
Working in sitting position	Never/ Rarely	1
Working in sitting position	Usually/Always	0.001	2.22 (1.36-3.62)
Female
Schooling	≥9		1
	5-8	0.39	1.34 (0.66 – 2.63)
	0-4	0.03	2.35 (1.07 – 5.15)
Number of days of computer use per week	≤2	-	1
Number of days of computer use per week	≥3	0.01	4.60 (2.38 – 14.28)
Working in sitting position	Never/ Rarely	-	1
Working in sitting position	Usually/Always	0.03	1.52 (1.02-2.48)

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[1] Correspondence: Alberto De Vitta – Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305 – CEP: 19060-900 – Presidente Prudente (SP), Brasil – Email: albvitta@gmail.com