YERBA MATE LANDSCAPES: FOREST USE AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION*

MARQUES, ANÉSIO DA CUNHA; REIS, MAURÍCIO SEDREZ DOS; DENARDIN, VALDIR FRIGO

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc201702822vu2019L3AO

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 22 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc201702822vu2019L3AO copy

YERBA MATE LANDSCAPES: FOREST USE AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION*

LOS PAISAJES DEL YERBA MATE: USO DE BOSQUES Y CONSERVACIÓN SOCIOAMBIENTAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) is a native arboreal species of forest formations that include the Araucaria Forest and is of considerable socio-economic importance in much of Brazil’s southern region. This paper aims to study the different landscapes of the native Yerba Mate systems (NYMS) in the main producing region of native Yerba Mate in the northern plateau region of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Planalto Norte Catarinense - PNC) and their relationship to socio-environmental conservation in the context of family farming. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family farmers and NYMS were evaluated following a specific route. Thirteen types of NYMS Landscape Units were identified as a diagnostic basis for the sustainable management of NYMS and forests. It proved possible to conclude that the Yerba Mate extraction activity is of great importance to socio-environmental conservation in the PNC.

Key-words:
Cultural landscape; Family Farming; Native Yerba Mate; Socio-Environmental Conservation.

YLYs	General Description
1. Yerba Mate Systems in Forest	Characterized by the presence of more well-conserved forest vegetation cover, free from the constant presence of animals.
2. Yerba Mate Systems in Open Forest	Forest vegetation cover more open due to anthropic activity, presence of native Yerba Mate systems, free from the constant presence of animals.
3. Yerba Mate Systems in Caíva	Relatively well preserved forest vegetation cover, presence of native Yerba Mate systems, constant presence of animals, presence of pasture on the forest floor.
4. Yerba Mate Systems in Open Caíva	Forest vegetation cover far more open due to anthropic activity, presence of native Yerba Mate systems, constant presence of animals, ground dominated by pasture in most of the area.
5. Yerba Mate Systems in Very Open Caíva	Forest vegetation cover very open due to anthropic activity, in transition to becoming potreiro, native Yerba Mate systems, constant presence of animals, pasture predominant in most of the area.
6. Planted Yerba Mate Systems in Open Forest	Open vegetation with very dense systems of Yerba Mate and more than 50% of the production stemming from planted Yerba Mate, free from the constant presence of animals.
7. Planted Yerba Mate Systems in Open Caíva	Open Caíva with very dense systems of Yerba Mate and more than 50% of the production stemming from planted Yerba Mate, constant presence of animals..
8. Open Native Yerba Mate Systems - Potreiro	Perennial pastures (Potreiro) with significant presence of Yerba Mate, native Yerba Mate systems, sparsely distributed trees in the whole area but not representing more than the initial stage of forest regeneration.
9. Open Native Yerba Mate Systems - Deforested	Yerba Mate systems in areas where most of the other trees have been removed to favor the Yerba Mate, presence of some remaining trees but not classifiable as a forest formation, free from the constant presence of animals.
10. Open Native Yerba Mate Systems - Crops	Area of annual crop production but with a significant presence of native Yerba Mate.
11. Planted Yerba Mate Systems in Shaded land	Yerba Mate plantation with the presence of other trees but not sufficient to be classifiable as a forest formation
12. Planted Yerba Mate Systems in Open Land	Yerba Mate plantation, monoculture on open land or in orchards, occasional presence of sparsely distributed trees, associated to annual crops.
13. Planted Yerba Mate Systems in Open Land with crops	Yerba Mate plantation, monoculture on open land or in orchards, associated to annual crops

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[TFN4] Source: Marques (2014MARQUES, A. C. As paisagens do mate e a conservação socioambiental: um estudo junto aos agricultores familiares do planalto norte catarinense. Thesis (Ph.D. in Environment and Development), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2014.)