Identification of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in nursing professionals who provide care to people with HIV/AIDS

Lopes, Letícia Pimenta; Reinato, Lílian Andreia Fleck; Canini, Silvia Rita Marin da Silva; Malaguti-Toffano, Silmara Elaine; Freitas, João Paulo de; Gir, Elucir

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 20 (4) • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20160106 copy

Identification of Staphylococcus aureus in nursing professionals who provide care to people with HIV/AIDS^* * This study was extracted from the thesis: “Staphylococcus aureus em profissionais de enfermagem e as interfaces com a adesão às precauções-padrão”, submitted to the Graduate Program in Fundamental Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo. Year: 2015. This thesis is part of the project: “Prevalência de microrganismos sensíveis e resistentes em indivíduos com HIV/aids e profissionais de enfermagem”. CNPq process: 476480/2012. Universal Public Call 14/2012.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Evaluate the prevalence of colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in saliva and nasal secretion of nursing professionals who provide care to people with HIV/AIDS and identify measures of association between colonized and non-colonized professionals with demographic and professional variables.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study with nursing professionals from five health centers. Samples of saliva and nasal secretions were obtained in three stages.

Results:

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 43.0%. Storing the toothbrush in a closed/protected compartment was a risk factor for colonization. Knowledge of standard precautions and participation in training were a protective factor for non-colonization.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in saliva and nasal secretions of the nursing staff was high. The adoption of standard precautions measures and control of pathogens are essential for the practice of nursing and patient safety.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin resistance; Nursing staff

Variables	Not colonized (n = 57)		Colonized (n = 43)		Total (n = 100)
Variables	f	%	f	%	f	%
Professional category
Nurse	10	52.6	09	47.4	19	100
Nursing technician	11	50.0	11	50.0	22	100
Nursing aide	36	61.0	23	39.0	59	100
Sex
Female	46	58.2	33	41.8	79	100
Male	11	52.4	10	47.6	21	100
Age (years)
20 to 29	01	11.1	08	88.9	09	100
30 to 39	24	61.5	15	38.5	39	100
40 to 49	25	69.4	11	30.6	36	100
≥ 50	07	43.8	09	56.2	16	100
Educational level
Complete high school	42	61.8	26	38.2	68	100
Complete higher education	10	45.5	12	54.5	22	100
Complete graduate education	05	50.0	05	50.0	10	100
Work shift
Day	16	43.2	21	56.8	37	100
Night	22	78.6	06	21.4	28	100
Taking turns	19	54.3	16	45.7	35	100
Years of nursing practice
< 5	07	46.7	08	53.3	15	100
5 to 14	27	62.8	16	37.2	43	100
≥ 15	23	54.8	19	45.2	42	100
Work in another institution?
Yes	08	57.1	06	42.9	14	100
No	49	57.0	37	43.0	86	100
Weekly working hours
30 to 36	21	48.8	22	51.2	43	100
> 36	36	63.1	21	36.9	57	100
Knowledge of SP?^* * SP: standard precautions.
Yes	49	53.3	43	46.7	92	100
No	08	100	-	-	08	100
Prior training on SP?^* * SP: standard precautions.
Yes	48	52.7	43	47.3	91	100
No	09	100	-	-	09	100

Colonization by Staphylococccus aureus		MSSA		MRSA
Colonization by Staphylococccus aureus		f	%	f	%
Month zero	Nasal	21	21.0	04	4.0
	Saliva	01	1.0	-	-
	Nasal and saliva	01	1.0	-	-
Month four	Nasal	17	17.0	03	3.0
	Saliva	01	1.0	01	1.0
	Nasal and saliva	04	4.0	-	-
Month eight	Nasal	18	18.0	03	3.0
	Saliva	01	1.0	-	-
	Nasal and saliva	02	2.0	01	1.0

Variables	Not colonized (n = 57)		Colonized (n = 43)		PR (CI95%)
Variables	f	%	f	%	PR (CI95%)
Professional category
Nurse	10	17.5	09	20.9	0.90 (0.57-1.44)
Non-nurse	47	82.5	34	79.1	1
Sex
Female	46	80.7	33	76.7	1.11 (0.71-1.74)
Male	11	19.3	10	23.3	1
Age (years)
20 to 39	22	38.6	23	53.5	0.76 (0.54-1.10)
≥ 40	35	61.4	20	46.5	1
Educational level
Complete high school	42	73.7	26	60.5	1.31 (0.87-1.99)
Complete higher education	15	26.3	17	39.5	1
Taking turns in work shift
Yes	19	33.3	16	37.2	1.07 (0.64-1.34)
No	38	66.7	27	62.8	1
Years of nursing practice
≤ 9	17	29.8	19	44.2	1.32 (0.51-1.12)
≥ 10	40	70.2	24	55.8	1
Work in another institution?
Yes	08	14.0	06	14.0	1.00 (0.61-1.64)
No	49	86.0	37	86.0	1
Weekly working hours
30 to 36	21	36.8	22	51.2	0.77 (0.54-1.11)
> 36	36	63.2	21	48.8	1
Toothbrush storage place
Protected compartment	50	87.7	28	65.1	2.07 (1.07-3.80)^ Statistically significant.
Unprotected compartment	07	12.3	15	34.9	1
Knowledge of SP^* * SP: standard precautions;
Yes	49	86.0	43	100	0.53 (0.44-0.64)^ Statistically significant.
No	08	14.0	0	0	1
Prior training on SP^* * SP: standard precautions;
Yes	48	84.2	43	100	0.52 (0.43-0.64)^ Statistically significant.
No	09	15.8	0	0	1

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[1] Corresponding author: Letícia Pimenta Lopes. E-mail: letylopes@yahoo.com.br