Influence of parents' behavior during the meal and on overweight in childhood

Melo, Karen Muniz; Cruz, Ana Cláudia Pereira; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo; Pinho, Lucinéia de

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0102

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (04) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0102 copy

Influence of parents' behavior during the meal and on overweight in childhood

Influencia en el comportamiento de los padres durante la comida y en el sobrepeso en la infância

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To assess the influence of parents' behavior during meals and on the overweight in childhood.

Methods:

Cross-sectional and analytical study, with a quantitative approach, performed with children aged between 12 and 59 months, belonging to the enrolled population of a Family Health Strategy team, in Montes Claros (MG). In order to collect data, it was used a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables related to food consumption and family influence over the eating habits. The anthropometric parameters of weight and height were assessed. We used the Student's t-test (p < 0.05) to compare the averages of the eating behavior of parents and the overweight in childhood.

Results:

115 children participated. The overweight in childhood was statistically related to the behavior of parents during meals in the domains "model of sweets consumption" and "special meals".

Conclusion:

The family environment is associated with the formation of eating habits and the overweight in childhood.

Keywords:
Feeding behavior; Child nutrition; Eating Habits, Parents

Domain	Items	Frequency (%)			Average	S.D.
Domain	Items	1	2	3	Average	S.D.
Daily availability of fruits and vegetables	Do you give fruit to your child every day?	02	27	71	2.63	0.34
	Do you eat fruits every day?	03	54	43
	Do you eat greens and vegetables every day?	01	18	81
Model of consumption of goodies	Do you drink soda every day?	37	51	12	1.66	0.33
	Do you eat candy or sweets every day?	41	48	11
	Do you eat snack every day?	51	45	03
Reward Usage	Do you make mealtime a joke or a fun time for your child?	25	41	34	1.68	0.46
	Do you give to your child a favorite food as a reward for good behavior?	50	41	10
	Do you offer to your child a toy or a favorite activity as a reward for good behavior?	64	27	09
	Do you offer to your child a special dessert as a prize for him/her eating?	54	35	11
Many food options	Do you let your child eat what he or she wants?	42	38	20	1.67	0.42
	Do you let your child put spices or sauces on the food as he or she wants?	89	7	4
	Do you let your child substitute one food for another that he/she likes?	52	39	9
	Do you let your child choose which foods to eat, but only among those which are offered to him/her?	26	29	45
Fat Reduction	Do you prevent your child from overeating?	63	30	7	2.19	0.51
	Do you make changes in your child’s food to decrease the amount of fat?	13	18	69
	Do you make changes in your own food to decrease the amount of fat?	14	15	71
Special Meals	Do you eat the same foods as your child?	77	20	03	1.45	0.31
	Do you sit with your child but do not eat?	28	35	37
	Do you prepare a meal or some special food for your child other than for the family'?	63	34	3
	Do you put a little of each food on your child's plate?	95	4	01
Limit to treats	Do you set limits on how many candies your child can eat per day?	17	13	70	2.54	0.64
	Do you set limits on how much soda your child can drink per day?	15	13	72
	Do you set limits on how much salt your child can eat per day?	19	11	70
Positive persuasion	Do you tell your child how much you like that food?	16	12	72	2.57	0.48
	Do you tell your child that the taste of the food will be good if he/she experiences it?	10	11	79
	Do you tell your child that your friends or siblings like that food?	26	20	54
	Do you tell your child that a food will make you healthy, smart, and strong?	5	12	83
Insistence to eat	Do you insist your child to eat even if he/she says “I’m not hungry”?	21	11	68	2.11	0.63
	Do you insist that your child eat when he or she is sleepy or not feeling well?	49	31	20
	Do you insist that your child eat when he or she is upset?	30	25	45

Domains	Overweight
	No	Yes	p-value
	Average (SD)	Average (SD)	p-value
Daily availability of fruits and vegetables	2.66 (0.36)	2.58 (0.30)	0.256
Model of consumption of goodies	1.49 (0.40)	1.95 (0.34)	0.001
Reward Usage	1.71 (0.43)	1.61 (0.51)	0.271
Many food options	1.69 (0.47)	1.63 (0.31)	0.407
Fat Reduction	2.17 (0.47)	2.22 (0.57)	0.593
Special Meals	1.37 (0.23)	1.60 (0.34)	0.000
Limit to treats	2.56 (0.65)	2.51 (0.64)	0.696
Positive persuasion	2.59 (0.48)	2.56 (0.49)	0.755
Insistence to eat	2.20 (0.61)	1.97 (0.66)	0.080

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rua Afonso Cavalcanti, 275, Cidade Nova, 20211-110 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil, Tel: +55 21 3398-0952 e 3398-0941 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: annaneryrevista@gmail.com

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[1] Corresponding author: Lucinéia de Pinho. E-mail: lucineiapinho@hotmail.com