Chemical properties of a Haplustalf soil under irrigation with treated wastewater and nitrogen fertilization

Silva, Leda V. B. D.; Lima, Vera L. A. de; Pearson, Howard W.; Silva, Tainara T. S.; Cris L. Maciel, S.; Sofiatti, Valdinei

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n4p308-315

Leda V. B. D. Silva edavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author)

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais/Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola. Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: ledavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author); antuneslima@gmail.com; tainara.eng.agri@gmail.com; cris lainny@hotmail.com

Vera L. A. de Lima

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais/Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola. Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: ledavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author); antuneslima@gmail.com; tainara.eng.agri@gmail.com; cris lainny@hotmail.com

Howard W. Pearson

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia/Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Química. Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: howard_william@uol.com.br

Tainara T. S. Silva

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais/Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola. Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: ledavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author); antuneslima@gmail.com; tainara.eng.agri@gmail.com; cris lainny@hotmail.com

S. Cris L. Maciel

Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais/Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola. Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: ledavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author); antuneslima@gmail.com; tainara.eng.agri@gmail.com; cris lainny@hotmail.com

Valdinei Sofiatti

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/Embrapa Algodão. Campina Grande, PB. E-mail: valdinei.sofiatti@embrapa.br

edavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author)

	FW	UASB	UASB+ISF	TS+ISF	Threshold levels for irrigation^a a Threshold levels of elements in waters intended for irrigation (Pescod, 1992)
pH	7.13 ± 0.61	7.55± 0.53	7.00 ± 0.41	6.74 ± 0.78	6.5-8.4
COD	ne	169 ± 21	36 ± 12	51 ± 7.9	-
N-Total	ne	89	69	46	-
N-NH₄	ne	82 ± 4	14 ± 2	5 ± 2	-
N-NO₃	ne	0.31 ± 0.38	34 ± 2	36 ± 7	< 30
P-Total	ne	4.3 ± 0.06	0.8 ± 0.1	3 ± 0.5	< 2
EC (dS m^-1)	0.78 ± 0.17	1.66 ± 0.24	1.22 ± 0.63	1.41 ± 0.07	0-3
Calcium (mg L^-1)	33.16 ± 6.33	34.52 ± 6.87	43.52 ± 8.65	40.95 ± 7.39	< 400
Magnesium (mg L^-1)	26.58 ± 3.96	44.54 ± 9.07	34.05 ± 4.34	38.06 ± 1.53	< 61
Sodium (mg L^-1)	76.25 ± 3.61	157.21 ± 11.21	163.01 ± 9.98	148.43 ± 7.39	0-69
Potassium (mg L^-1)	5.32 ± 1.02	21.66 ± 0.65	20.25 ± 2.63	21.11 ± 0.55	< 2
SAR^* * SAR - Sodium adsorption rate: [Na/(Ca+Mg)/2]0.5; (mmolL^-1)^0.5	2.39 ± 0.18	4.16 ± 0.30	4.49 ± 0.23	4.01 ± 0.31	< 9
Sulfates (mg L^-1)	absent	present	present	present	< 960
Bicarbonates (mg L^-1)	116.39 ± 21.65	436.76 ± 97.96	107.85 ± 43.39	111.17 ± 50.70	< 610
Chlorides (mg L^-1)	176.28 ± 2.53	286.36 ± 11.21	265.52 ± 5.41	262.42 ± 8.98	< 350
Boron (mg L^-1)	0.24 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.10	0.35 ± 0.07	0.17 ± 0.03	< 0.70
Copper (mg L^-1)	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	0.20
Iron (mg L^-1)	< 0.05	0.46 ± 0.06	< 0.05	0.09 ± 0.01	5
Manganese (mg L^-1)	< 0.03	0.05 ± 0.01	< 0.03	< 0.03	0.20
Zinc (mg L^-1)	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	2

Treatment	Value
pH in water	7.2
EC (dS m^-1)	0.34
OM (g kg^-1)¹ 1 OM = 1.724xOC (Walkley-Black);	23.4
Available P (mg dm^-3)² 2 Method of Mehlich-1;	52.8
Ca²⁺ (mmol_c dm^-3)³ 3 Method of 1N KCl;	178.5
Mg²⁺(mmol_c dm^-3)³ 3 Method of 1N KCl;	127.3
K⁺(mmol_c dm^-3)⁴ 4 Method of 0.05N HCl;	3.8
Na⁺(mmol_c dm^-3)⁴ 4 Method of 0.05N HCl;	6.7
SB (mmol_c dm^-3)⁵ 5 SB = Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+ + Na+;	316.3
H+Al³⁺(mmol_cdm^-3)⁶ 6 Method of 0.5N Ca(OAc)2, pH7;	0
CEC (mmol_c dm^-3)⁷ 7 CEC = SB + (H + Al3+);	316.3
ESP (%)⁸ 8 ESP = (Na/CEC)*100;	2.12
B (mg dm^-3)⁹ 9 Method of hot water;	0.69
Cu (mg dm^-3)¹⁰ 10 Method of DTPA	1.9
Fe (mg dm^-3)¹⁰ 10 Method of DTPA	22
Mn (mg dm^-3)¹⁰ 10 Method of DTPA	20.2
Zn (mg dm^-3)¹⁰ 10 Method of DTPA	2.3

	pH (-log [H⁺])	H⁺ + Al³⁺(mmol_c dm^-3)	SOM (g kg^-1)	P (mg dm^-3)	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺
	pH (-log [H⁺])	H⁺ + Al³⁺(mmol_c dm^-3)	SOM (g kg^-1)	P (mg dm^-3)	(mmol_c dm^-3)
	Mean values

Sources of water
FW	7.60 a	0.00 a	11.77 b	132.03 a	1.69 b	122.63 a	106.36 a	25.10 b
UASB	7.54 a	0.54 a	14.05 a	142.22 a	2.18 a	122.56 a	105.21 a	46.77 a
UASB + ISF	7.60 a	0.79 a	12.55 ab	140.64 a	2.16 a	120.68 a	106.44 a	47.05 a
TS + ISF	7.72 a	0.00 a	11.94 b	144.28 a	2.06 a	122.72 a	105.53 a	43.75 a
Doses of N
0 kg ha^-1	7.84	0.00	13.18	132.18	2.03	128.78	102.91	39.56
45 kg ha^-1	7.76	0.00	13.13	139.30	2.00	121.09	108.94	41.21
90 kg ha^-1	7.60	0.00	11.51	136.03	1.83	119.61	109.46	40.63
135 kg ha^-1	7.57	0.00	12.89	149.32	2.23	121.01	103.40	41.04
180 kg ha^-1	7.30	1.65	12.16	142.12	2.02	120.25	102.21	40.90
	Mean squares
Sources of water (W)	0.1132^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	3.4623^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	21.5447^** ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	580.4464^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	1.0358^** ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	19.1882^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	36.8710^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	2198.5531^** ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance
Doses of N (N)	0.6917^** ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	3.1123^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	8.3735^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	674.1958^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.3258^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	225.5655^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	197.4709^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	6.8292^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance
W x N	0.0389^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	4.8622^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	3.2272^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	200.3551^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.1267^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	54.9910^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	110.6113^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance	17.3116^ns ns,, * Not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively, by the F test of the analysis of variance
CV (%)	2.9	20.6	16.2	11.9	19.8	8.9	10.4	11.1

	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
	(mg dm^-3)
Sources of water	Mean values
FW	0.51 b	0.88 b	16.27 b	13.54 b	1.03 b
UASB	0.68 a	1.15 a	19.12 a	16.29 a	1.48 a
UASB+ISF	0.55 b	1.00 ab	17.27 ab	16.18 a	1.16 ab
TS + ISF	0.59 ab	1.06 a	17.87 ab	16.53 a	1.23 ab
Doses of N
0 kg ha^-1	0.60	1.02	16.58	13.83	1.35
45 kg ha^-1	0.55	1.02	17.27	14.43	1.24
90 kg ha^-1	0.54	0.96	16.75	15.46	1.14
135 kg ha^-1	0.62	1.06	18.27	15.93	1.35
180 kg ha^-1	0.61	1.06	19.27	18.51	1.05
Factors	Mean squares
Sources of water (W)	0.1018^** ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.2652^** ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	28.3792^* ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	39.5318^** ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.7388^* ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance
Doses of N (N)	0.0213^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.0267^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	20.4062^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	52.4724^** ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.2817^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance
W x N	0.0088^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.0263^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	7.2038^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	8.6047^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance	0.3132^ns ns, , * Respectivelly not significant and significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level by the F test of the analysis of variance
CV (%)	19.8	19.8	16.6	16.9	36.1

[1] edavdantas@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author)

Brasil

Brasil

Chemical properties of a Haplustalf soil under irrigation with treated wastewater and nitrogen fertilization

Atributos químicos de um Luvissolo Crômico sob irrigação com águas residuárias tratadas e adubação nitrogenada

ABSTRACT