Cultivation of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluent from fish-farming under semiarid conditions

Guimarães, Miguel J. M.; Simões, Welson L.; Tabosa, José N.; Santos, José E. dos; Willadino, Lilia

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n5p461-465

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Sumário

SOIL, WATER AND PLANT MANAGEMENT • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 20 (5) • May 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n5p461-465 copy

Cultivation of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluent from fish-farming under semiarid conditions

Cultivo de variedades de sorgo forrageiro irrigado com efluente salino da piscicultura em condições semiáridas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the cultivation of forage sorghum subjected to different leaching fractions with saline effluent from fish-farming under semiarid conditions. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, with four blocks, in split plots, composed of four leaching fractions (0; 5; 10 and 15%) and three forage sorghum varieties ('Volumax', 'F305' and 'Sudão'). Irrigation was performed using saline effluent from fish farming with electrical conductivity of 2.5 dS m^-1. The analyzed variables were: plant height; stem diameter; width, length and number of leaves; fresh and dry matter yield, and relative contents of potassium and sodium in the shoots. Forage sorghum under saline effluent irrigation and leaching fraction of 15% shows a yield increase of 25%, in comparison to sorghum without the leaching fraction. The variety 'Volumax' was more sensitive to salinity than the others, since it showed lower shoot growth and low values of leaf area, fresh matter and dry matter.

Key words:
leaching fraction; salinity; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Layer (cm)	EC dS m^-1	pH	OM g kg^-1	P mg dm^-3	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	SB	CEC	V %	Density (kg dm^-3)		Total porosity (%)	Granulometry (g kg^-1)			Moisture (dag kg^-1)
Layer (cm)	EC dS m^-1	pH	OM g kg^-1	P mg dm^-3	cmol_c dm^-3								V %	Bulk	Particle	Total porosity (%)	Sand	Silt	Clay	FC	PWP
00-10	1.64	5.5	7.7	15.65	0.65	0.80	2.8	1.5	0	2.1	5.8	07.8	73.4	1.46	2.59	43.86	729.4	182.9	087.7	0.186	0.075
10-20	1.99	5.7	5.7	14.25	0.55	0.65	1.9	1.3	0	2.7	4.4	07.1	61.8	1.46	2.51	41.74	789.8	116.9	093.3	0.179	0.070
20-45	2.91	7.4	6.3	03.60	2.05	1.50	1.8	1.4	0	3.7	6.8	10.4	64.7	1.37	2.52	45.58	613.2	178.1	208.7	0.181	0.110

Ca^²+	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	pH	EC -25 °C dS m^-1	Hardness CaCO₃ mg L^-1	S.A.R.
mmol_c L^-1					pH	EC -25 °C dS m^-1	Hardness CaCO₃ mg L^-1	S.A.R.
12.6	7.7	7.2	0.34	35.2	8.19	2.57	50.75	2.26

Layer (cm)	Leaching fraction
Layer (cm)	0	0.05	0.10	0.15
00-50	11.60	10.34	5.77	3.03
05-20	05.54	03.90	3.37	2.98
20-40	05.41	04.01	3.50	2.94
40-60	05.28	04.21	3.60	3.17
60-80	04.59	05.97	3.03	3.33
Mean	06.48	05.68	3.85	3.09

Variety	PH (cm)	Ǿ (mm)	NL	+3 Leaf (cm)		TLA (cm²)	Yield (t ha^-1)
Variety	PH (cm)	Ǿ (mm)	NL	Length	Width	TLA (cm²)	FM	DM
‘Volumax’	139.4 b	13.1 a	7.2 b	36.9 b	4.2 a	0770.5 ba	22.71 ba	6.99 ba
‘F305’	155.8 a	13.8 a	9.2 a	39.4 b	4.5 a	1155.8 aa	25.45 ab	8.97 aa
‘Sudão’	155.8 a	13.3 a	7.0 b	49.3 a	3.9 b	0950.3 ab	27.79 aa	8.01 ab

Variety	Leaching fraction				Regression equation	R²
Variety	0	0.05	0.10	0.15	Regression equation	R²
K (g kg^-1)
‘Volumax’	8.91 b	11.61 b	10.21 a	5.44 b	y = – 0.075^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x² + 0.886^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x + 8.943^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively	0.99
‘F305’	8.19 b	10.86 b	7.03 b	5.52 b	y = – 0.236^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x + 9.673^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively	0.46
‘Sudão’	15.65 a	17.12 a	7.36 b	9.88 a	y = – 0.541^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x + 16.561^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively	0.56
Na (mg kg^-1)
‘Volumax’	220.58 b	262.90 ab	275.24 a	248.79 b	y = – 0.68^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x² + 12.25^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x + 22.14^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively	0.99
‘F305’	177.38 b	245.26 b	244.56 a	199.42 b	y = – 1.13^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x² + 18.26^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x + 178.58^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively	0.99
‘Sudão’	329.90 a	314.92 a	272.29 a	505.36 a	y = 2.48^* **, * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x² – 27.534^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively x + 345.07^ , * Coefficient of regression significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively	0.85

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[1] mjmguimaraes@hotmail.com (Corresponding author)