Study of the drying of mesocarp of baru (<i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel) fruits

Oliveira, Pâmella M. de; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de; Resende, Osvaldo; Silva, Daiana V.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n12p872-877

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ARTICLE • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 22 (12) • Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n12p872-877 copy

Study of the drying of mesocarp of baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) fruits

Estudo da secagem do mesocarpo dos frutos de baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) is a tree species that is part of the group of native species of the Cerrado and occurs mainly in Central Brazil, being valued for its various uses. Thus, the present work was carried out with the objective of studying the kinetics of drying of the mesocarp of baru fruits, performing the analysis of the thermodynamic properties, as well as evaluating the effect of drying on the color of the flour produced from the mesocarp. The mesocarp of baru fruits was placed in stainless steel trays, and dried at 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC in a forced circulation oven until the moisture content of 0.12 dry basis (d.b.) was reached. Subsequently, the experimental data of the drying were adjusted with the mathematical models frequently used, and color was evaluated after the drying. It is concluded that the Wang & Singh model was selected to represent the drying curves of the baru mesocarp. For the thermodynamic properties, with increasing drying air temperature, the entropy and enthalpy values decreased while the Gibbs free energy increased. Regarding color, the results showed that with the increase of drying air temperature, there is a change in color, which indicates loss in the qualitative aspect.

Key words:
moisture content; color analysis; thermodynamic properties

Model designation	Model
$M R = 1 + a . t + b . t^{2}$	Wang & Sing	(2)
$M R = a . e x p (- k . t) + (1 - a) e x p (- k_{1} . t)$	Verma	(3)
$M R = e x p \{[- a - (a^{2} + 4 . b . t)^{0.5}] / 2 . b\}$	Thompson	(4)
$M R = e x p (- k . t^{n})$	Page	(5)
$M R = e x p (- k . t)$	Newton	(6)
$M R = a . e x p (- k . t^{n}) + b . t$	Midilli	(7)
$M R = a . e x p (- k . t) + c$	Logarithmic	(8)
$M R = a . e x p (- k . t)$	Henderson & Pabis	(9)
$M R = a . e x p (- k . t) + (1 - a) e x p (- k . a . t)$	Two-term exponential	(10)
$M R = a . e x p (- k_{o} . t) + b . e x p (- k_{1} . t)$	Two terms	(11)
$M R = a . e x p (- k . t) + (1 - a) . e x p (- k . b . t)$	Approximation of diffusion	(12)

Model	40 ^oC				50 ^oC
Model	SE	χ²	R²	P	SE	χ²	R²	P
Wang & Sing	0.0227	0.00052	0.9954	6.999	0.0157	0.00025	0.9976	5.146
Verma	0.0171	0.00029	0.9975	5.656	0.0105	0.00011	0.9990	4.473
Thompson	0.0300	0.00090	0.9919	18.726	0.0314	0.00099	0.9905	22.858
Page	0.0251	0.00063	0.9944	12.015	0.0220	0.00049	0.9953	13.484
Newton	0.0290	0.00084	0.9919	18.722	0.0302	0.00091	0.9905	22.854
Midilli	0.0154	0.00024	0.9982	6.722	0.0112	0.00013	0.9990	5.995
Logarithmic	0.0143	0.00020	0.9983	6.937	0.0100	0.00010	0.9991	5.941
Henderson & Pabis	0.0299	0.00089	0.9920	18.385	0.0302	0.00091	0.9913	21.381
Two-term exponential	0.0300	0.00090	0.9919	18.722	0.0314	0.00099	0.9905	22.854
Two terms	0.0188	0.00035	0.9972	8.129	0.0097	0.00009	0.9992	5.098
Approximation of diffusion	0.0171	0.00029	0.9975	5.658	0.0105	0.00011	0.9990	4.473
	60 ^oC				70 ^oC
	SE	χ²	R²	P	SE	χ²	R²	P
Wang & Sing	0.0075	0.00006	0.9995	3.453	0.0150	0.00023	0.9979	4.214
Verma	0.0187	0.00035	0.9972	9.943	0.0130	0.00017	0.9985	3.362
Thompson	0.0382	0.00146	0.9872	20.664	0.0267	0.00071	0.9932	10.674
Page	0.0124	0.00015	0.9986	4.183	0.0155	0.00024	0.9977	4.488
Newton	0.0366	0.00134	0.9872	20.662	0.0254	0.00065	0.9932	10.671
Midilli	0.0107	0.00011	0.9992	3.041	0.0140	0.00020	0.9985	3.165
Logarithmic	0.0192	0.00037	0.9971	9.979	0.0137	0.00019	0.9984	3.831
Henderson & Pabis	0.0327	0.00107	0.9906	17.056	0.0245	0.00060	0.9943	9.400
Two-term exponential	0.0382	0.00146	0.9872	20.662	0.0267	0.00071	0.9932	10.671
Two terms	0.0102	0.00010	0.9993	3.509	0.0138	0.00019	0.9985	3.358
Approximation of diffusion	0.0187	0.00035	0.9972	9.943	0.0130	0.00017	0.9985	3.362

Temperature (°C)	Thermodynamic properties			Coordinates
Temperature (°C)	H (J mol^-1)	S (J mol^-1 K^-1)	G (J mol^-1)	L	a*	b*
40	24401.17	-139.76	68167.02	52.00 a	7.26 a	30.41 a
50	24318.03	-140.02	69565.93	53.19 a	7.15 a	30.37 a
60	24234.89	-140.27	70967.42	51.07 ab	6.66 a	27.98 b
70	24151.75	-140.52	72371.40	46.13 b	9.06 b	28.48 b

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[1] oliveira.d.e.c@gmail.com (Corresponding author)