Figure 1
Phenotypic effect of gamma irradiation in colored wheat seeds (K4191). Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Scale bar: 2 cm.
Figure 2
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on wheat dry seeds. (A) Free radical content after irradiation of wheat dry seeds assessed by ESR spectroscopy. (B) Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on DPPH radical scavenging activity in wheat dry seeds. (C) Anthocyanin content after acute and chronic gamma irradiation in wheat dry seeds. (D) Comparison of the total phenolic content of wheat dry seeds in response to acute and chronic gamma irradiation. Con: control (non-irradiated seeds); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 3
Expression profiling of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in colored wheat dry seeds. CHS; chalcone synthase, CHI; chalcone isomerase, F3H; flavanone 3-hydorxylase, DFR; dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, ANS; anthocyanidin synthase, UFGT; UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 4
Expression profiling of antioxidant biosynthesis related genes in colored wheat dry seeds. APX; ascorbate peroxidase, CuZnSOD; CuZn superoxide dismutase, CAT; catalase, MnSOD; Mn superoxide dismutase, GPX; glutathione peroxidase, MDAR; monodehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; dehydroascorbate reductase, GR; glutathione reductase. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 5
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation treatment on the activities of (A) POD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) SOD in colored wheat dry seeds. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 6
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on wheat seedlings. (A) Free radical content after irradiation of wheat seedlings assessed by ESR spectroscopy. (B) Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on DPPH radical scavenging activity in wheat seedlings. (C) Anthocyanin content after acute and chronic gamma irradiation in wheat seedlings. (D) Comparison of the total phenolic content of wheat seedlings in response to acute and chronic gamma irradiation. Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 7
Expression profiling of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in wheat seedlings. CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, and UFGT. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 8
Expression profiling of antioxidant biosynthesis related genes in wheat seedlings. APX, CuZnSOD, CAT, MnSOD, GPX, MDAR, DHAR, and GR. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 9
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation treatment on the activities of (A) POD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) SOD in wheat seedlings. Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents Mean ± SD for average n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 10
Effect of gamma radiation doses on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings. Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 2
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on wheat dry seeds. (A) Free radical content after irradiation of wheat dry seeds assessed by ESR spectroscopy. (B) Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on DPPH radical scavenging activity in wheat dry seeds. (C) Anthocyanin content after acute and chronic gamma irradiation in wheat dry seeds. (D) Comparison of the total phenolic content of wheat dry seeds in response to acute and chronic gamma irradiation. Con: control (non-irradiated seeds); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 3
Expression profiling of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in colored wheat dry seeds. CHS; chalcone synthase, CHI; chalcone isomerase, F3H; flavanone 3-hydorxylase, DFR; dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, ANS; anthocyanidin synthase, UFGT; UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 4
Expression profiling of antioxidant biosynthesis related genes in colored wheat dry seeds. APX; ascorbate peroxidase, CuZnSOD; CuZn superoxide dismutase, CAT; catalase, MnSOD; Mn superoxide dismutase, GPX; glutathione peroxidase, MDAR; monodehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; dehydroascorbate reductase, GR; glutathione reductase. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 5
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation treatment on the activities of (A) POD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) SOD in colored wheat dry seeds. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 6
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on wheat seedlings. (A) Free radical content after irradiation of wheat seedlings assessed by ESR spectroscopy. (B) Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on DPPH radical scavenging activity in wheat seedlings. (C) Anthocyanin content after acute and chronic gamma irradiation in wheat seedlings. (D) Comparison of the total phenolic content of wheat seedlings in response to acute and chronic gamma irradiation. Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 7
Expression profiling of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in wheat seedlings. CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, and UFGT. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 8
Expression profiling of antioxidant biosynthesis related genes in wheat seedlings. APX, CuZnSOD, CAT, MnSOD, GPX, MDAR, DHAR, and GR. A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 9
Effect of acute and chronic gamma irradiation treatment on the activities of (A) POD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) SOD in wheat seedlings. Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents Mean ± SD for average n = 3 independent experiments.
Figure 10
Effect of gamma radiation doses on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in wheat seedlings. Con: control (non-irradiated samples); A: acute irradiation; C: chronic irradiation; 100, 300, and 500: gamma irradiation dose. Each bar represents mean ± SD for n = 3 independent experiments.