Effect of fatty Amazon fish consumption on lipid metabolism

Souza, Francisca das Chagas do Amaral; Garcia, Nadja Pinto; Sales, Rejane Souza de Aquino; Aguiar, Jaime Paiva Lopes; Duncan, Wallice Luiz Paxiúba; Carvalho, Rosany Piccolotto

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000100009

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (01) • Jan-Feb 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000100009 copy

Effect of fatty Amazon fish consumption on lipid metabolism

Efeito do consumo de peixes amazônicos gordurosos sobre o metabolismo lipídico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin on lipid metabolism.

METHODS:

Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group treated with commercial chow; Mapará group was fed diet enriched with Hypophthalmus edentatus; Matrinxã group was fed diet enriched with Brycon spp.; and, Tambaqui group was fed diet enriched with Colossoma macropomum. Rats with approximately 240g±0.60 of body weight were fed ad libitum for 30 days, and then were sacrificed for collection of whole blood and tissues.

RESULTS:

The groups treated with enriched diets showed a significant reduction in body mass and lipogenesis in the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues and carcass when compared with the control group. However, lipogenesis in the liver showed an increase in Matrinxã group compared with the others groups. The levels of serum triglycerides in the treated groups with Amazonian fish were significantly lower than those of the control group. Moreover, total cholesterol concentration only decreased in the group Matrinxã. High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly in the Mapará and Tambaqui compared with control group and Matrinxã group. The insulin and leptin levels increased significantly in all treatment groups.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrated that diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin changed the lipid metabolism by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats fed with diets enriched with Mapará, Matrinxã, and Tambaqui.

Amazon fishes; Diet; Lipid metabolism; Rats, wistar

Macronutrients	GC	GMAP	GMAT	GMAP
Proteins	22.4^a	22.3^a	22.6^a	23.7^a
Carbohydrates	39.1^a	38.2^a	41.3 ^c	40.3 ^d
Fibers	11.4^a	16.7 ^b	15.0 ^c	16.0 ^d
Lipids	4.8^a	11.8 ^b	10.0^c	9.9 ^c
Palmitic (16:9)	20.4^a	23.93 ^b	24.58^C	24.8^c
Oleic (18:1n-9)	27.4^a	24.55 ^b	27.9 ^a	38.85^d
Stearic (18:0)	5.12^a	7.65 ^b	6.93 ^a	9.84^c
Palmitoleic (16:1n-7)	-	3.56 ^b	7.5^c	1.72 ^d
Linolenic (18:3n-3)	9.91^a	3.76 ^b	2.35^c	2.66^c
Linoleic (18:2n-6)	41.0^a	11.11 ^b	18.52^c	18.62^c
Myristic (14:0)	2.07 ^a	0.56 ^b	2.46 ^a	0.66 ^b
Docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3)	-	2.9	-	-
Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3)	-	2.4	-	-

Variables		CG	GMAP			GMAT			GTAB

	M	SD	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD
	M	SD	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD

Body weight gain	0080.30	006.78^a0	0066.98^b	003.34^b00	0070.08		0005.24^c00	0056.75		005.26 ^d0
Total energy intake	6840.40	153.9^a00	7910.6^a0	183.2^b000	7284.30		183.3^c000	7441.10		188.5 ^d00
Metabolic efficiency	0096.44	007.07^a0	0119.72^a	004.43 ^b00	0107.44		0006.47^c00	0144.17		14.52 ^d
Fat content of the carcass	0008.20	000.025^a	000 3.78^a	001.56^c00	0005.53		0005.00^b00	0004.01		000.89 ^b0
EPI mass	0000.86	000.025^a	000 1.04^a	000.0006^b	0001.04		0000.0006^b	0001.02		000.008^b
RET mass	0000.65	000.06^a0	00 01.05^b	000.007^b0	0001.05		0000.006^b0	0000.99		000.027^b
Liver mass	0009.08	000.300^a	00 11.59^a	000.007^b0	0011.66		0000.442^b0	0011.05		000.250 ^b

Tissues		CG			GMAP		GMAT				GTAB

	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD		M	SD
	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD		M	SD

EPI	34.46	39.88^a	3.42		0.79^b	04.6		2.04^c	3.28		0.82^b
RET	12.92	09.9^a0	3.73		1.47^b	03.64		0.84^b	3.76		1.41^b
Liver	08.24	02.22^a	7.63		2.64^a	15.52		8.82^b	9.40		2.08^a
Carcass	07.71	04.83^a	1.30		0.43^b	01.42		0.55^b	1.67		0.32^b

Tissues		CG		GMAP			GMAT			GTAB

	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD		M	SD
	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD		M	SD

Glucose	139.87	8.87^a	154.28		7.60^bb	134.24		4.20^ac	117.34		4.18^d
TG	060.43	4.08^a	040.55		3.62^bb	044.62		4.98^bb	038.96		4.49^b
Total cholesterol	076.28	4.44^a	067.33		5.84^ab	059.39		3.80^ab	065.68		4.33^a
HDL-c	008.79	0.81^a	013.67		1.11^bb	007.08		0.96^ab	011.44		1.38^b
Total proteins	004.68	0.42^a	004.81		0.43^ab	004.29		0.14^ab	004.23		0.17^a
Leptin	001.63	0.26^a	004.38		0.65^ab	003.90		0.42^ac	006.34		1.70^c
Insulin	011.75	1.32^a	014.14		2.56^ab	014.12		2.01^ab	011.30		1.07^a

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS FCA SOUZA is the first author; she designed, coordinated and organized all experiments. She carried out an exhaustive review of the literature. In addition, performed statistical analyses and interpretation and was responsible for writing the article. NP GARCIA participated to the experimental design, data analysis in laboratory and participated in the writing of the article. RSA SALES participated to the exhaustive laboratory analysis, particularly for the preparation of the diet and experimental procedures. JPL AGUIAR performed several laboratory analysis, interpretation and participated in the writing of the article. WLP DUNCAN participated in the statistical analysis, writing and reviewing the manuscript. RP CARVALHO is the investigator responsible for the overall study.