Incidence of overweight/obesity in preschool children during a two-year follow-up

Menezes, Caroline Franz Broering de; Neves, Janaina das; Gonsalez, Priscila Schramm; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000300001

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (3) • May-Jun 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000300001 copy

Incidence of overweight/obesity in preschool children during a two-year follow-up¹ 1 Article based on the master's thesis of CFB MENEZES, intitled "Incidência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade em crianças assistidas por Unidades de Educação Infantil de Florianópolis/SC". Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 2011

Incidência de sobrepeso/obesidade em pré-escolares durante dois anos de acompanhamento

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the incidence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in children aged six years or less during a two-year follow-up.

METHODS:

This longitudinal cohort study followed 242 preschoolers from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, from 2008 to 2010. The outcome was overweight/obesity (Z-score >+2) measured by accumulated incidence. The Chi-square test measured the differences between the study factors. The association between overweight/obesity and associated factors was analyzed by adjusted and crude rate ratios.

RESULTS:

Nine (4.00%) of the 222 non-overweight/obese children in 2008 were overweight/obese in 2010, indicating an accumulated incidence of overweight/obesity of 4.05% (1.4-6.7). The study accumulated incidence of overweight/obesity was 20.25/year/1000, similar to the incidence density of 20.65/year/1000.

CONCLUSION:

After adjustment, none of the study factors were associated with overweight/obesity. However, the lack of studies that investigate the incidence of overweight and obesity in preschoolers calls for longitudinal studies with larger samples that analyze not only the incidence of overweight/obesity but also other factors, such as the influence of parents' nutritional status on their offspring's nutritional status.

Child; preschooler; Incidence; Obesity; Overweight

Individual characteristics	Population 2008			95%CI	Cohort 2008			95%CI	p
Individual characteristics	N=670 (%)			95%CI	N=242 (%)			95%CI	p
	N=670 (%)				N=242 (%)
Gender
Female	333	(49.7)		(45.9-53.5)	117	(48.3)		(44.9-58.5)	0.598
Male	337	(50.3)		(46.5-54.1)	125	(51.7)		(41.5-55.1)
Age
=24 months	133	(19.9)		(16.9-22.9)	80	(33.1)		(26.7-39.5)	<0.001
>24 months	537	(80.1)		(77.1-83.1)	162	(66.9)		(60.5-73.3)
Institution
Public	583	(87.0)		(84.5-89.5)	222	(91.7)		(87.9-95.5)	0.006
Partner	87	(13.0)		(10.5-15.5)	20	(8.3)		(4.5-12.1)
Program ^*
Part-time	93	(13.9)		(11.3-16.5)	30	(12.4)		(7.9-16.9)	0.213
Full-time	543	(81.0)		(78.0-84.0)	212	(87.6)		(83.1-92.1)
Nutritional status ^†
Overweight/obese	52 (7.8)			(4.1 - 11.5)	20	(8.3)		(4.5-12.1)	0.721
Not overweight/obese	617	(92.2)		(88.5 - 95.9)	222	(91.7)		(87.9-95.5)
Characteristics	Mean		±	SD	Mean		±	SD
Age (months)	44.60		±	19.10	31.50		±	12.90	<0.001
Weight (kg)	16.30		±	4.40	13.70		±	3.00	<0.001
Height (cm)	98.90		±	13.10	90.40		±	10.50	<0.001
BMI	16.40		±	1.70	16.60		±	1.50	0.106
BMI-for-age Z-score		0.56	±	1.602		0.64	±	0.97	0.290
Weight-for-age Z-score		0.24	±	1.03		0.28	±	0.98	0.601
Height-for-age Z-score		-0.23	±	1.06		-0.25	±	1.09	0.803

Family characteristics^*	N (%)		95%CI
Income per member^†
1^st and 2^nd quartiles (=R$300.00)	83 (51.5)		(40.6-62.9)
3^rd and 4^th quartiles (>R$300.00)	78 (48.4)		(37.2-60.3)
Education level^‡	Maternal	Paternal
=7 years of formal education	45 (36.6)	46 (39.6)	(-0.1-3.3)	(0.0-0.0)
>7 years of formal education	78 (63.4)	70 (60.4)	(8.4-17.6)	(10.6-20.4)

Characteristics^*		Crude analysis			Adjusted analysis

	N	Incidence (%)	RR (95%CI)		RR (95%CI)
	N	Incidence (%)	RR (95%CI)		RR (95%CI)

Gender			p=0.714		p=0.541
Male	112	3.6	1.00	1.00
Female	110	4.5	1.27 (0.35-4.63)	1.51 (0.40-5.69)
Age			p=0.512		p=0.605
=24 months	72	2.8	1.00	1.00
>24 months	150	4.7	1.68 (0.36-7.91)	1.51 (0.32-7.18)
Income per member ^†			p=0.367		p=0.629
1^st and 2^nd quartiles	81	6.2	1.00	1.00
3^rd and 4^th quartiles	68	2.9	0.48 (0.10-2.39)	0.67 (0.13-3.45)
Mother’s education level ^‡			p=0.079		p=0.079
=7 years of formal education	41	9.8	1.00	1.00
>7 years of formal education	71	1.4	0.14 (0.02-1.25)	0.14 (0.02-1.25)
Father’s education level ^‡			p=0.369		p=0.950
=7 years of formal education	43	7.0	1.00	1.00
>7 years of formal education	64	3.1	0.45 (0.08-2.58)	0.95 (0.20-4.56)

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[1] COLLABORATORS CFB MENEZES helped to collect and analyze the data, and write and review the manuscript. J NEVES helped to plan the study, collect and analyze the data, and review the manuscript. PS GONSALEZ helped to analyze the data and review the manuscript. FAG VASCONCELOS coordinated the study planning and design, supervised data collection, data analysis, and manuscript writing, and reviewed the manuscript.